System Engineering
In a wide range of fields today, the words “system” and “engineering” have become so popular that they are now felt by many to be overly used and ambiguous terms. In particular, on hearing the expression “system engineering,” it would be difficult even to
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SYSTEM ENGINEERING
In a wide range of fields today, the words "system" and "engineering" have become so popular that they are now felt by many to be overly used and ambiguous terms. In particular, on hearing the expression "system engineering," it would be difficult even to guess the actual work or process in question. This lack of clarity, however, can be somewhat alleviated if we take a look at the basic meanings of these two words. The word "system" originates from the Greek word meaning "to place together," and came to mean the coexistence of a variety of diverse things (e.g., men, objects, money, information) utilized in a holistic way so as to achieve a new function independent of the composite parts. In addition, the word "engineering," apart from the modern connotations associated with Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and the like, also has the fundamental meaning of careful planning and efficient management. In the light of the above, we define instrumentation engineering as design technology applied to the systemization of instrumentation facilities in order to achieve the objectives of a certain industrial plant or process. In this regard, if we view the instrumentation manufacturer as a specialist providing measurement and control technology and the user (customer) and plant builder as the source of process and plant design know-how, all objectives and functions must be clearly presented so that all parties concerned can together complete the project in question. This chapter describes, from the viewpoint of the instrumentation manufacturer, the elements of instrumentation engineering from the original planning stage up to installation and adjustment. To begin with, in relation to basic system engineering, we describe an outline for plant construction as well as how project tasks should be divided amongst the user, plant builder and instrumentation manufacturer. We then explain the work involved at the "instrumentation system design" stage in which specification clarification meetings Chap. 7
System Engineering
T. Senbon et al. (eds.), Instrumentation Systems © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991
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are held with the customer in preparation of actual instrumentation system construction. Also described is the work involved from this stage up to final test runs and turnover from the viewpoint of basic design and engineering. Items related to common technology such as instrumentation power sources and safety measures are covered as well. Following the above is a description of "human engineering" factors as related to the design of a control room (operations room), which is continuing to increase in importance as the focal point of plant operations. Next, the planning and design of instrumentation work such as related to instrumentation installation, piping and wiring, and system startup (pre-commissioning) are described. Finally, the methodology behind a "design review" is introduced as an effective means of insuring product quality. 7.1
System Engineering Basics
7.1.1 Plant construc
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