System Overview and Key Design Considerations
This chapter describes which categories of voltage converters are covered in this book. Various applications of on-chip high-voltage generators such as memory applications for MNOS, DRAM, NAND Flash, NOR Flash, and phase-change memory, and other electroni
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System Overview and Key Design Considerations
Abstract This chapter describes which categories of voltage converters are covered in this book. Various applications of on-chip high-voltage generators such as memory applications for MNOS, DRAM, NAND Flash, NOR Flash, and phase-change memory, and other electronic devices for motor drivers, white LED drivers, LCD drivers, and energy harvesters are overviewed. System configuration of the on-chip high-voltage generator and key design consideration for the building circuit blocks such as charge pumps, pump regulators, oscillators, level shifters, and voltage references are surveyed.
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Applications of On-Chip High-Voltage Generator
Section 1.1 starts with describing which categories of voltage converters are covered in this book. It also overviews various applications of on-chip high-voltage generators such as memory applications for MNOS, DRAM, NAND Flash, NOR Flash, and phase-change memory, and other electronic devices for motor drivers, white LED drivers, LCD drivers, and energy harvesters. Voltage converters are categorized into two: switching converter (Erickson and Maksimovic 2001) and switched capacitor converter as classified in Table 1.1. Switching converter is composed of one or a few inductors, one or a few capacitors, and one or a few switching devices. Switched capacitor convertor is composed of one-to-many capacitors and one-to-many switching devices. The differences are with or without inductor and single or many stages. From the viewpoint of amount of power, the switching convertor can be used for applications to generate high power typically larger than 100 mW. On the other hand, switched capacitor convertor is used for applications to generate lower power than 100 mW. Presently, degree of integration is all, except for inductors, for switching converter whereas all components for switched capacitor. This is mainly because inductance that integrated inductor can have is much smaller than the value required as well as the input current noise could be much more in switching converter with a single stage. From the T. Tanzawa, On-chip High-Voltage Generator Design, Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3849-6_1, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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1 System Overview and Key Design Considerations
Table 1.1 Classification of voltage convertors
Feature
Switching converter – Inductor – Capacitor – Switching device High power and low loss
Integration Gv Vout/Vin > 1 1 > Gv > 0 Gv < 0
Except for inductor Boost Buck Buck–boost
Components
Switched capacitor – Capacitor – Switching device High voltage and low current or low voltage and high current Fully integrated Charge pump/voltage multiplier Switched capacitor voltage down convertor Charge pump/voltage multiplier
viewpoint of voltage gain, that is, the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage, there are three categories: greater than one, smaller than one and greater than zero, and smaller than zero. For the switching converter, these are respective
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