Systematic literature review of STEM self-study related ITSs
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Systematic literature review of STEM self-study related ITSs Asmaa Alabdulhadi 1
& Maha
Faisal 2
Received: 21 May 2019 / Accepted: 26 August 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simulator-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer system that is made to provide students with a learning experience that is both customizable to a student’s needs (e.g., level of expertise, pace) and includes simulation, e.g., demonstrate certain domain concepts or allow problem-solving while replicating a real-life situation. ITSs offers convenient and low-cost studying. We aim to explore the recent trends and identify limitations and opportunities in recent work on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) self-study simulator based ITSs, we conducted a systematic literature review investigating 47 papers from four different databases. The research encloses ITSs from various educational sectors, ranging from elementary, middle, secondary, tertiary, and after school training. The majority of the systems targeted tertiary education. As a result, there are many research opportunities in introducing a more generalizable approach to simulator-based ITSs which will make it easier to address many STEM-related subjects. There are also opportunities in utilizing help methods that emphasize encouragement and self-reflection. We noticed that the number of STEM-related simulator-based ITSs is relatively low. Another finding was that most simulator-based ITSs are domain-dependent, and therefore they are not reusable for other subjects. Finally, we found that the traits of feedback in simulator-based systems that result in positive learning outcomes are ones that combined immediate and delayed feedback, used procedural information in their feedback, of formative feedback type, and detailed feedback. Keywords Systematic literature review . Self-directed study . Intelligent tutoring systems .
Pedagogical systems
* Asmaa Alabdulhadi [email protected] Maha Faisal [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Education and Information Technologies
1 Introduction and background An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer system made to provide students with a learning experience that is both customizable to a student’s needs (e.g., level of expertise, pace) (Latham et al. 2012) and that bears a certain similarity to being instructed by a teacher. Providing a one-to-one process of teaching that adapts to the student’s needs and preferences is the primary goal of the system (Boulay 2016). The system adapts with the knowledge the student has acquired over time by keeping a profile for each student. According to Hatzilygeroudis and Prentzas (2004), it is an advanced type of Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) system and can make use of artificial intelligence. ITSs are also a subset of adaptive learning methods (Jovanovic and Jovanovic 2015). An ITS offers convenient and low-cost study since the student is not r
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