Systematic Literature Review on Gender and Food Risk Perception
This chapter presents a systematic review on gender and the assessment of food risks. After detailing the objectives in section 4.1, the applied methodology is discussed in section 4.2, and results are presented in section 4.3. The chapter ends with a dis
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This chapter presents a systematic review on gender and the assessment of food risks. After detailing the objectives in section 4.1, the applied methodology is discussed in section 4.2, and results are presented in section 4.3. The chapter ends with a discussion of the findings in section 4.4.
4.1 Objectives In order to reveal possible patterns with regard to the gender gap in food risk perception, the existing literature was reviewed by means of a systematic review. A systematic review is a literature review that summarizes and systematizes existent literature that is relevant for the research question. It allows an assessment of whether research findings are consistent with regard to direction and magnitude and can be generalized, or whether findings are limited to a subset of population or a specific context (Mulrow, 1994). No meta-analysis was performed as the reviewed literature applied very different ways of data analysis. Finding a set of studies based on similar methodologies would result in a relatively low number of studies for each of the food hazards. The systematic review aims to help answering the following questions:
Does a gender gap exist for all kinds of food hazards? (existence)
Is the gender gap in the evaluation of food hazards especially large/small for some types of food hazards? (magnitude)
In the case of a gender gap, do always women judge risks as higher, or are there food risks for which men perceive risks as higher? (direction)
83 A. Bieberstein, An Investigation of Women’s and Men’s Perceptions and Meanings Associated with Food Risks, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-03275-3_4, © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2014
4.2 Methodology This systematic review comprises quantitative studies that examined the relationship between the evaluation of food hazards and gender. In order to analyze the above-mentioned objectives, results of empirical studies were categorized by the specific kind of food hazard or food technology. The systematic review comprises several steps: 1.
Search of literature for relevant studies and
2.
Study selection
3.
Categorization of the studies according to food hazards
4.
Data analysis and interpretation of the results
The basis of this systematic review was an already existent exhaustive sample of studies investigating the effect of gender on the evaluation of various risks that was created during the design and preparation of this study. The aim was to identify as many quantitative studies as possible that analyzed the effect of gender on the evaluation of food hazards in a systematic way. Based on the existing collection of studies, further research was found by means of a snowballing technique using the reference section of identified papers. Moreover, homepages of identified key researchers in the field of (food) risk perception such as Paul Slovic, Michael Siegrist and Lynn Frewer etc. were used in order to gain further information on relevant publications or relevant journals. Similarly, a further search strategy was browsing through journals identifie
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