Taguchi optimization of minimum quantity lubrication turning of AISI-4320 steel using biochar nanofluid
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Taguchi optimization of minimum quantity lubrication turning of AISI-4320 steel using biochar nanofluid K. Jagatheesan 1 & K. Babu 2 Received: 5 September 2020 / Revised: 21 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this research work, the effect of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) parameters on the material removal rate and surface roughness of AISI-4320 steel using biochar nanofluid in turning process was studied. The main aim of this present work was to optimize the process parameters of MQL turning process using Taguchi method. The turning process outputs such as material removal rate and surface roughness were measured and analyzed using gray relational grades to determine the process efficiency using biochar nanofluid. The study was conducted using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array followed by grey relational method. According to the analysis, the nanofluid concentration in minimum quantity lubrication was the most influencing process parameter with the lowest fluid flow rate to produce the highest material removal rate of 58.312 mm3/s and low surface roughness of 3.236 μm. The machining process parameter levels such as A3B1C3 are found to be the promising process variable levels, where the highest material removal rate and lower surface roughness were produced. The SEM micrographs of the tool tip show a lower tool wear for machining with nanofluid of 2 wt.% biochar. Keywords MQL . Nanofluid . Biochar . MRR . Surface roughness
1 Introduction Energy-efficient and environmental friendly machining process and new methods are now placing important role in many manufacturing industries due to environmental and economic factors [1]. Usually, the conventional machining specifically the turning process has wide usage in most of the production industries due to the process efficiency and easy methodology [2]. But in modern manufacturing industries, high quality, metric accuracy, and production rates are expected at high economical way with more environmental concerns [3]. In general, the turning operation used to generate high-heataffected zones due to large temperature development; thus, large quantity of cutting fluid is used to perform the representation. This large volume of cutting fluid is finally thrown as
* K. Jagatheesan [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 025, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 110, India
an industrial waste, and it makes severe environmental concerns to human and other living beings [4]. Henceforth, the modern industries try to minimize such wastes by improving good process methodology, adaptation of green cutting fluids, and minimization of coolant wastes [5]. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is the new trend technique, which is now widely implemented in many machining process to improve the process efficiency and reduction of liqu
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