Tailoring dipole effects for achieving thermal and electrical invisibility simultaneously
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THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B
Regular Article
Tailoring dipole effects for achieving thermal and electrical invisibility simultaneously Liujun Xu 1,a , Xiongtao Zhao 2 , Yupeng Zhang 2 , and Jiping Huang 1,b 1
2
Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China Innovation & Research Institute of Hiwing Technology Academy, Beijing 100074, P.R. China Received 9 March 2020 / Received in final form 24 April 2020 Published online 1 June 2020 c EDP Sciences / Societ`
a Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2020 Abstract. With the increasing requirement of metamaterials, integration and intellectualization have become the trends in order to enhance the manipulation efficiency of physical fields. Therefore, multiphysical functions and metamaterials have been proposed intensively. Meanwhile, the higher requirement of materials and structures is also put forward. In this work, by applying a shell and a dipole as two controllable conditions, multiphysical (say, thermal and electrical) invisibility can be obtained simultaneously with only common materials and simple structures. We explore the dipole effects in a core-shell structure and derive the requirements of the shell and dipole in both two and three dimensions, even considering the shells with material anisotropy. Finite-element simulations are consistent with theoretical analyses, confirming the feasibility of our scheme. These results may not only provide guidance to thermal and electrical management, but also benefit other physical fields such as electrostatics and magnetostatics.
1 Introduction Since the proposal of transformation optics [1], transformation theories and metamaterials have made significant achievements in acoustic waves [2,3], matter waves [4], water waves [5,6], thermotics [7,8], fluid mechanics [9–11], dc current [12], caustics [13], etc. These studies consider only a single physical field. As the requirement of metamaterials goes up, it is found possible to manipulate multiphysical fields with a single device, thus realizing multiphysical functions and metamaterials. One classification of these multiphysical functions and metamaterials may depend on whether the multiphysical fields are coupled together. For decoupled fields, representative instances consider thermal and electrical fields [14–22], electromagnetic and acoustic waves [23–26], light and heat [27,28], etc. For coupled fields, typical examples are based on lightelectrical effects [29,30], thermo-electric effects [31,32], conductive-convective effects [33–38], conductive-radiative effects [39–42], etc. The feasibility of multiphysical functions and metamaterials mainly contributes to the similar dominant equations of multiphysical fields. However, an awkward situation is that there are few natural materials to meet the requirement. We take thermal and electrical fields as an example. If we expect to achieve multiphysical
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