Tailoring fluorinated electroactive polymers toward specific applications
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INVITED ARTICLE
Tailoring fluorinated electroactive polymers toward specific applications Konstantinos Kallitsis 1 & Damien Thuau 1 & Cyril Brochon 1 & Eric Cloutet 1 & Georges Hadziioannou 1 Received: 28 July 2020 / Revised: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fluorinated electroactive polymers (FEPs) are emerging as one of the most prominent classes of insulating materials found in organic electronic devices. Despite their broad application, those materials have fixed electronic properties that are difficult to be tuned in order to achieve optimal performance in different applications. This mini-review highlights the need for tailoring the electronic properties of FEPs and explores the different approaches our group has proposed as solutions to such problem. Those include strategies to obtain stable dielectric properties and thus stable OFET performance over a broad range of temperature, as well as strategies to make FEPs directly compatible with photolithography, which is the most widely used fabrication technique by the semiconductor industry. Last, a general strategy to introduce different functional groups on FEPs is presented, allowing the introduction of altogether new properties to those polymers. Keywords Fluorinated electroactive polymers . Dielectric . Ferroelectric . Relaxor-ferroelectric . Photolithography . OFET
Introduction With electronic devices playing an increasingly important role in our everyday lives, organic electronics have the potential to be one of the cornerstone technologies that can make those devices available to more and more people while waiving many of the constraints imposed by silicon. Those include the lack of flexibility, stretchability, and conformability, combined with high production costs [1]. One class of polymeric materials, which find different applications in organic electronics, is that of fluorinated electroactive polymers (FEPs), most * Georges Hadziioannou [email protected] 1
Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO UMR 5629), CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
commonly encountered as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers. Those materials are electric insulators at core but can have many other very interesting properties such as ferroelectricity [2], piezoelectricity [3], and pyroelectricity [4] combined with exceptional mechanical and thermal stability. From an application standpoint, FEPs are encountered in some of the highest-end fingerprint sensors on the market. Their application though is not limited to that, as they are encountered in a plethora of devices that have not yet reached the mainstream markets including capacitors, memories [5, 6], sensors [7, 8], actuators [8, 9], organic field effect transistors (OFETs) [10], and electrocaloric cooling devices [11, 12], among many others. While the fundamental properties of FEPs (e.g., piezoelectricity, high dielectric constant, mechan
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