Tailoring of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Sputter-Deposited Terfenol-D Thin Films by Optimizing the Substrate T
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Tailoring of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Sputter-Deposited Terfenol-D Thin Films by Optimizing the Substrate Temperature Salma Ikram 1 & Jolly Jacob 2 & Khurram Mehboob 3 & K. Mahmood 1 & N. Amin 1 & Nasreen Akhtar 1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, sputter-deposited Terfenol-D thin films were grown on MgO/Al2O3 substrates by DC-magnetron sputtering using single target having composition of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92. The temperature of substrate was purposefully set as 500, 800, and 1000 °C to modulate the structural and magnetic properties of grown films. XRD scans showed that substrate temperature 500 °C was found to be optimum temperature for single phase growth of the Terfenol-D layers. XRD data also demonstrated that higher substrate temperature facilitates the development of secondary phases. Crystallinity of deposited film had been decreased by increasing temperature of substrate. WDS results showed that grown films have compositions near to Terfenol-D target composition. SEM analysis showed that thin films grown at substrate temperature 500 °C have relatively smoother surface when compared with other samples which are grown using relatively higher substrate temperature. The magnetic data demonstrated that the value of saturation magnetization decreased from 1932 to 295 emu/cc as the substrate temperature increased from 500 to 1000 °C, respectively. Hysteresis curves are more tilted for lower temperatures showing ferromagnetic nature of deposited films. Keywords Terfenol-D . DC-magnetron sputtering . XRD . SEM . Magnetic properties
1 Introduction The magnetostrictive engineering has been successfully engaged in a small volume and powerful products. Terfenol-D, owing to its elevated strength solidness and huge bandwidth competences, is an excellent material for use in the manufacturing of low frequency, high powered under water acoustics [1–3]. At large level production, sonar transducers were introductory approach. Terfenol-D possesses immense magnetostrictive behavior by showing variation in configuration of materials under impact of exterior magnetic field. Rotational magnetic domains were produced as consequences of variation in this length leading to internal strains in material. * K. Mahmood [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
College of Arts and Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, King AbdulAziz University (KAU), P. O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Terfenol-D is skillful for supplying effective magneto-strain of typically greater than 1000–2000 ppm at 50–100 KA/m in the immense material and nearly 4000 ppm at the involuntary resonance frequencies and high magnetic field [4]. Terfenol-D is very unstable in stress, having very small tensile force (28 MPa) as analogized with its compressive for
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