Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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EPIGENETICS (ATY LAU, SECTION EDITOR)
Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Feng Li 1,2 & Jing Zhang 1 & Chao Ma 3 & Ziqian Wang 4 & Yinhua Li 5 & Jimin Zhao 1 & Kangdong Liu 1,6,7,8,9
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main type of esophageal cancer in most of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, including China. Both genetic and epigenetic aberrations have been considered playing a crucial role in the initiation and progression of ESCC. Although the genetic aberrations in ESCC, including mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, and PIK3CA, have been very well studied, targeted therapies for ESCC are still limited to trastuzumab, ramucirumab, and pembrolizumab according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline. Studies on the epigenetics of ESCC have exploded over the last two decades. These studies have identified epigenetic aberrations in ESCC, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. These epigenetic aberrations are frequently involved in cell development and differentiation through regulating gene expression, suggesting their promising potential in ESCC treatment and chemoprevention. To date, much work remains to complete the epigenomic landscape in ESCC, to connect epigenetic aberrations to genetic aberrations and to use this crosstalk between the genome and the epigenome to guide the development and applications of new targeted therapies for ESCC. Keywords Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma . Epigenetics . DNA methylation . Histone modification . Non-coding RNA . Targeted therapy
Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in China [1]. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two major histologic types. The incidence and prevalence of EC is region specific. In
many Western countries, the incidence of EAC had been increasing over recent decades, whereas the incidence of ESCC has decreased [2, 3]. In South America, Eastern Europe, and Japan, ESCC is still more common than EAC [3, 4]. In most of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, including China, ESCC accounts for most of the EC cases [1, 5]. The etiology of ESCC is so far regarded as not only population dependent but also
Feng Li and Jing Zhang contributed equally to this work. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Epigenetics * Kangdong Liu [email protected] 1
Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
2
Department of Surgery, Competence Center of Thoracic Surgery, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
3
4
Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
5
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzho
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