Technological Advances in Commercial Forestry
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REVIEW
Technological Advances in Commercial Forestry Amrita Kumari Panda1 • Rojita Mishra2 • Satpal Singh Bisht3 • Ashish Kumar1 Aseem Kerketta1
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Received: 8 January 2019 / Revised: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2019 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract Biotechnological tools such as clonal propagation, haploid production, protoplast fusion, marker-assisted selection, and quantitative trait loci mapping are the ageold approaches in commercial forestry. Biotechnology has shown immense guarantee for the subsequent generation of plant breeders to alleviate the rising demand for food, fiber, and wood. The probable social and environmental impacts of the release of transgenic trees become a progressively more debatable issue and call more considerations. The present review is an attempt to summarize how advances in molecular biology i.e., comparative genomics and genome assembly approaches identify numerous polymorphic molecular markers like microsatellite, simple sequence repeats, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), random amplified polymorphic DNA etc. and revolutionize the science of forest tree biotechnology during the last decade. The advent of next-generation sequencing technology identified many microsatellite loci in forest trees. Microsatellite markers play an important role in population genetics, conservation ecology, and phylogenetic analysis. SNP markers provide novel opportunities for the discovery
Significance Statement The present review is an attempt to summarize how advances based on genomic approaches identified numerous polymorphic molecular markers and revolutionized the science of forest tree biotechnology in the recent past. & Amrita Kumari Panda [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh 497001, India
2
Department of Botany, Polasara Science College, Polasara, Ganjam, Odisha, India
3
Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263002, India
of regulatory elements in the genome and eventually accelerate forest tree breeding. Keywords Biotechnology Commercial forestry Genomics-based breeding NGS technology
Introduction Forest and forest products are more important in the progression of forest and forest-associated industries. The decrease in forest and forest products compels industrialists not to rely on natural forests [1]. Global forest cover decreased between 1990 and 2015 from 4128.3 to 3999.1 million ha (Table 1), and pressure is mounting on the existing forests due to environmental deterioration, increase in the demand for wood, deforestation, global warming, shortage of water, and associated threats [2]. Traditional methods which are used for tree improvement are not able to fulfill the present-day demand of industry and reforestation programs. Increase in xylem fiber lengths, lignin content of wood, timber quality improvement becomes more possible due to the advancement of biotechnological tools and techniques. Genetic engineering has a tremendous capability to
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