Technologies and Innovations for Development Scientific Cooperation
Technological innovation – combined with scientific research – has always constituted a driving force of transformation in our societies. At the same time, it is no longer simply possible to transfer technologies from the North to the South; it is a
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Jean-Claude Bolay • Magali Schmid • Gabriela Tejada • Eileen Hazboun Editors
Technologies and Innovations for Development Scientific Cooperation for a Sustainable Future
Editors Jean-Claude Bolay Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne (EPFL) VPAA - Cooperation and Development Center Switzerland Gabriela Tejada EPFL VPAA - Cooperation and Development Center Switzerland
Magali Schmid Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland
Eileen Hazboun EPFL VPAA - Cooperation and Development Center Switzerland
ISBN 978-2-8178-0267-1 e-ISBN 978-2-8178-0268-8 DOI 10.1007/978-2-8178-0268-8 Springer Paris Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012931327 # Springer-Verlag France 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Acknowledgments
This project would not have been possible without the spirit of sharing and exchange encouraged by UNESCO Chairs’ UNITWIN Network. The UNESCO Chair in Technologies for Development at the Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne (EPFL) would like to express its appreciation to Dr. Sonia Bahri, UNESCO Paris, for her constant support and guidance as well as Prof. Gretchen Kalonji, Assistant Director-General for the Natural Sciences, for kindly dedicating one of our two prefaces. Dr. Melissa Leach and Dr. Osman Benchikh, two of the keynote speakers at the International Scientific Conference on Technologies for Development in February 2010 in Lausanne, Switzerland, gave us the great privilege of contributing to this publication. We thank them very much. Moreover, this project could not have succeeded without the quality and diversity of the contributions of the various authors and researchers. In response to the call for papers, a scientific committee composed of experts from EPFL and external institutions evaluated over 100 papers and ultimately selected 64 to be presented at the conference. Out of these, 18 were finally chosen for their scientific value as well as the originality of their approach to the publication’s theme, “Technologies for Development.” We express our gratitude to all these authors, without whom nothing would have bee
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