Technology Advances
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A “Smart” Reserve Battery Provides Power as Needed
Reserve state
lions of radio frequency identification tags sitting in inventories. In addition, individual cells, The Pitch or groups of cells, can be indeBattery technology is still one pendently addressed and thereof the most efficient and costfore switched on at different effective ways to store energy times or under different operatand provide power for a wide ing conditions. A single battery range of applications. While can consist of several subcells many significant changes have that can be triggered individuoccurred over time with respect ally, independent of each other, to form, fit, and function, probor sequentially by triggering the lems remain when using curActivated state next unused cell as each reaches rently available batteries in cer30 μm its limit. For example, a Smart tain consumer, industrial, and Battery based on chemistry that military applications, particulartypically lasts 10 years can have ly those that depend on reliabilthree groups of cells that turn ity and convenience. mPhase on sequentially as one group Technologies (Little Falls, NJ) is exhausts its capacity, thereby developing a “smart” reserve Figure 1. A schematic of the battery action depicting the battery tranproviding up to 30 years of battery, which is a primary batsitioning from the inactive state to the active state as the electrolyte passes through a porous silicon membrane. Shown on the right are a uninterrupted service. It also tery typically designed for a superhydrophobic membrane chip (top) and the electrode chip (botmakes practical the idea of intespecial purpose such as emertom). Overall dimensions are 20 cm × 20 cm; the dimension of the gency or military use. grating different chem istries active area of the membrane and electrode are 1 cm. There are basically two types (electrodes and electrolytes) of batteries: primary batteries, into a single system. This potenwhich are nonrechargeable enertially allows for a single battery the active materials during storage and gy storage units that are discarded or recyto be built that runs continuously under eliminating the loss of capacity due to cled after discharge (these include alkaline, temperature extremes from very hot to self-discharge before use. lithium, silver oxide, zinc-air, and zincvery cold. The production of the Smart Battery by carbon/zinc-chloride), and secondary batThe unique architecture of the battery mPhase is enabled by nanotechnology, teries, also known as rechargeable batteries makes it adaptable to multiple configuramicrofluidics, and microelectromechanical (these include nickel-cadmium, nickeltions, some that could even consist of intesystem fabrication methods. The result is a metal hydride, lithium-ion, lead-acid, and grating the battery architecture directly proprietary membrane made using stana range of other types based on electroonto the circuit board during the manufacdard silicon processing techniques used in chemical systems). Markets for secondary turing process to provide reserved power
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