Temperature Variations of Gold Nanoparticle and Dynamics of Plasmonic Bubble in Water Under Nanosecond Pulsed Laser
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Temperature Variations of Gold Nanoparticle and Dynamics of Plasmonic Bubble in Water Under Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Hadi Movahedinejad1
· Hamid Nadjari1
Received: 10 July 2019 / Accepted: 30 September 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Suspended gold nanoparticle in water medium starts to warm up under nanosecond laser irradiation and creates a bubble around itself. The present study aims at evaluating the amount of nanoparticle size reduction at boiling temperature, the temperature variations of the nanoparticle, and its medium and finally the bubble formation moment. To this aim, Mie theory was used to calculate the absorption cross section of the nanoparticle in proximity of the bubble. Heat transfer equations were applied to determine the temperature of the nanoparticle and water. In addition, hydrodynamic equations were initiated to evaluate the expansion of the bubble. Then, these three groups of equations were coupled together and solved numerically. Based on the results, the bubble forms at the critical pressure and consequently due to the slow bubble velocity, temperature gradient in the medium is observed. Further, slight pulse width variations play a significant role on the nanoparticle temperature. The calculation of the nanoparticle heating associated with the creation of the bubble helps in controlling nanoparticle size and understanding the nanoscale heat transfer processes. Keywords Gold nanoparticle · Nano bubble · Hydrodynamic equations · Nanoparticle heating
Introduction High absorption cross section of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) depends on the size, shape, and material of the NPs, which occurs at certain wavelengths due to localized surface plasmon resonance. The way laser interacts with the NP heavily relies on the laser parameters, the temperature, and pressure of the NP’s surrounding medium [5]. Laser interaction with metal NP can be studied in four applied areas including the size reduction of the NP under laser irradiation, which was first observed by Takami et al. [31], the NP heating and tissue effects used in medicine [3, 29, 32], the creation of a nanobubble which has medical and imaging applications [1, 13, 18, 34], and finally the detection of nanoscale material specifications, which is used as a sensor [22]. Hamid Nadjari
[email protected] Hadi Movahedinejad [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., Zanjan, 45371-38791 Iran
Some theoretical studies have focused on examining the temperature variations of NPs under laser radiation up until the bubble formation [5, 21, 30, 35]. In addition, some have just examined the expansion of the bubble around the NP by proposing several methods such as full continuum hydrodynamics, molecular dynamics, and Rayleigh-Plesset equation [10, 11, 26]. Kotaidis and Plech have shown that using the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for the bubble dynamics has good compatibility with experimental data [4, 10]. This method is appropriate for bubbles that are r
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