Temporary immersion systems to improve alder micropropagation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Temporary immersion systems to improve alder micropropagation M. C. San José1 · N. Blázquez1 · M. J. Cernadas1 · L. V. Janeiro2 · B. Cuenca3 · C. Sánchez1 · N. Vidal1 Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A protocol has been developed for the propagation of Alnus glutinosa axillary shoots in liquid medium. The explants were cultured in Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l− 1 benzyladenine and 0.5 mg l− 1 indole acetic acid. The effect of the bioreactor type (RITA® and Plantform™), frequency of the immersions, regulator concentrations, and volume of medium per explant was investigated. All the treatments with the temporal immersion systems (TIS) increased the proliferation rates. The best results were obtained on using the Plantform™ vessels and, unlike the shoots cultured in RITA® vessels, the culture in Plantform™ had very low hyperhydricity percentages. Shoots originating from the culture in semisolid medium and in Plantform™ rooted in semi-solid medium with 0.1 mg/l indole butyric acid for 7 days. No significant differences were observed in the rooting or acclimatization percentages, with survival percentages greater than 85% being achieved. This is the first work on the use of TIS systems in alder propagation, with the results of this study providing new perspectives for its mass propagation. Key message A new protocol is described in order to reduce the propagation costs of alder. Keywords Alnus glutinosa · Bioreactor · Micropropagation · Plantform™ · RITA® · TIS
Introduction Black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] has considerable importance in the maintenance and conservation of the riparian ecosystems. Despite this, its populations have drastically decreased as a result of industrialization and the expansion of farming and urban areas. To this deforestation should be added the fact that, in the last few years, many populations have been seriously affected by the disease known as alder blight, caused by the Phytophthora alni oomycete (Brasier et al. 2004). Since its appearance in 1993 (Gibbs et al. 1999), Communicated by Nokwanda Pearl Makunga. * M. C. San José [email protected] 1
Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Avda. de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
2
Diputación de Lugo, San Marcos 8, 27001 Lugo, Spain
3
TRAGSA, Vivero de Maceda, 32700 Maceda, Ourense, Spain
the incidence of the disease has rapidly increased causing the death of a large number of trees all over Europe. The recognition of the importance of this species, and the lack of an adequate protocol for the control of the disease, makes it necessary to develop techniques for the conservation of the most important populations. In situ conservation techniques are of great importance and highly recommended, but when the factors that threaten these species cannot be eliminated from the natural environments, the ex situ conservation activities acquire great relevance (Engelmann 2011). Amo
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