Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams
INFORMATION concerning phase equilibria, such as can be represented by equilibrium diagrams is important in a number of fields of scientific study, and especially in metallurgy, ceramics, and chemistry. Materials of interest in these fields range through
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Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams D. R. F. WEST B.Sc, Ph.D, D.LC, C.Eng, F.I.M Imperial College of Science and Technology University of London
SECOND EDITION
LONDON
NEW YORK
CHAPMAN AND HALL
First published 1965 by Macmillan and Company Limited St Martin's Street, London WC2 Second edition published 1982 by Chapman and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Chapman and Hall in association with Methuen, Inc. 733 Third Avenue, New York NY 10017 ©1965, 1982 D.R.F. West
ISBN-13: 978-0-412-22820-9 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-5910-\ DOI: \0.1 007/978-94-009-5910-\
This title is available in both hardbound and paperback editions. The paperback edition is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library ~f Congress Cataloging in Publication Data West, D. R. F. (David Richard Frederick) Ternary equilibrium diagrams. Bibliography: p. Includes index I. Phase diagrams, Ternary. I. Title. TN690.W468 1981 660.2'963 81-14060 AACR2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data West, D. R. F. Ternary equilibrium diagrams.-2nd ed. I. Ternary systems 2. Phase diagrams I. Title 541.3'63 QA141.8.T45
Contents
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Preface to the First Edition page vii Preface to the Second Edition vm General Considerations 1 The phase rule 1 The ternary space model 2 Phases and their equilibria 6 9 Classification of ternary systems Systems Containing Two Phases 11 Systems Containing Three Phases 16 Systems containing a eutectic reaction L ~ Cl ~ 16 Systems containing a peritectic reaction L + Cl ~ ~ 24 Transition between eutectic and peritectic three-phase reactions 29 Systems containing a monotectic reaction Ll ~ L2 + IX 32 Systems containing a solid state miscibility gap that closes within 36 the system Systems Containing Four Phases 42 Systems containing a ternary eutectic reaction 42 Systems containing a ternary peritectic reaction 50 Systems Containing more than Four Phases 66 An intermediate phase stable up to its melting point (i.e. con66 gruently melting) exists in one of the binary systems 73 An intermediate phase formed by a peritectic reaction exists in one of the binary systems 75 More than one binary intermediate phase exists in the system Ternary intermediate phases are present 76 Principles of Using Liquidus Projections 83 Primary phase fields on a liquidus projection 84 Curves on a liquidus projection 85 Points on a liquidus projection 85 Non-equilibrium cooling 86 v
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