Testing for Neuromuscular Problems and Athletic Performance
This chapter reviews cost-effective tests to determine neuromuscular deficiencies and indicators of athletic performance. The identification of athletes who may have an increased risk of sustaining a noncontact ACL rupture is highly important in the conti
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Sue D. Barber-Westin and Frank R. Noyes
Contents Introduction .............................................................. 235 Neuromuscular and Balance ................................... Video Drop-Jump Screening Test .............................. Single-Leg Functional Hop Tests ............................... Single-Leg Squat Test (See Also Chap. 11) ............... Star Excursion Balance Test ......................................
236 236 239 241 242
Athletic Performance ............................................... Field Test Considerations ........................................... Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Multistage Fitness Test ......................................... Intermittent Recovery: Yo-Yo Test............................. Speed Tests................................................................. Agility Tests ............................................................... Anaerobic Power: Vertical Jump................................ Abdominal Strength ................................................... Upper Body Strength and Power ............................... Sports-Specific Field Test Recommendations ...........
244 244 244 245 248 248 256 257 259 260
Other Testing Considerations ................................. 265 Body Mass Index ....................................................... 265 Femoral Notch Width................................................. 265
S.D. Barber-Westin, B.S. (*) Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation, 10663 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, USA e-mail: [email protected] F.R. Noyes, M.D. Cincinnati Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Center, 10663 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, USA Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation,10663 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, USA
Tibial Slope ................................................................ 265 Generalized Joint Laxity ............................................ 265 Neurocognitive Function Testing ............................... 266 References ................................................................. 267
Introduction The identification of athletes who may have an increased risk of sustaining a noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is of paramount importance in the continued development of knee ligament injury prevention programs. The ability to detect certain individuals who may be predisposed to this injury entails understanding all of the risk factors discussed in Part III. While some potential factors (such as anatomic or field conditions) may not be alterable, research has shown that high-risk neuromuscular characteristics can be successfully changed which the authors believe may reduce the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries [122]. In this chapter, various factors to consider and testing options to use based on available funds and facilities are discussed. It is important to note that no single test has been found to be highly predictive of at-risk athletes; multivariate analyses are required, and
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