Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease
The Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease combines basic scientific knowledge on the pulmonary circulatory system at levels of the molecule, cell, tissue, and organ with clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases. State-of-the-art te
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Jason X.-J. Yuan Joe G.N. Garcia Charles A. Hales Stuart Rich Stephen L. Archer John B. West ●
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Editors
Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Editors Jason X.-J. Yuan, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL [email protected] Charles A. Hales, MD Professor of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA [email protected] Stephen L. Archer, MD Harold Hines Jr. Professor of Medicine Chief of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago, IL [email protected]
Joe G.N. Garcia, MD Earl Banes Professor of Medicine Vice Chancellor for Research University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL [email protected] Stuart Rich, MD Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago, IL [email protected] John B. West, MD, PhD, DSc Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Physiology Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-387-87428-9 e-ISBN 978-0-387-87429-6 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920684 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The major function of the lungs is gas exchange and it does this using a low resistance circulation. The pulmonary circulation (or the pulmonary vasculature) is a unique system that differs dramatically from the systemic circulatory system (e.g., coronary, cerebral, renal arteries) in structure, function, and regulation. A typical example of functional differences between the pulmonary and systemic vasculature is that hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction but systemic vasodilation. Furthermore, in patients with systemic arterial hypertension (e.g., essential hypertension), pulmonary arterial pressure is normal, while in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (previously referred to as primary pulmonary hypertension), systemic arterial pressure is usually within the normal range. The divergent vascular responses to hypoxia and the alternative existence of systemic or pulmonary arterial hyperten
