Thai
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REFERENCES Abdel Rahim, M. (1973). “Arabism, Africanism, and self-identification in the Sudan.” In D. Wai (Ed.), The Southern Sudan: The problem of national integration (pp. 29–47). London: Frank Cass. Bell, H. (1999). Frontiers of Medicine in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1899–1940. Oxford: Clarendon. Deng, F. (1972). The Dinka of the Sudan. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Eltayeb, A. (1964). The changing customs of the Riverain Sudan. Sudan Notes & Records, 45, 12–27. Evans-Pritchard, E. (1976). Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon. Faris, J. (1972). Nuba personal art. London: Duckworth. Habermas, J. (1971). Knowledge and human interest. Boston: Beacon Press. Inter Press Service. (1997). Sudan health: UN issues call for emergency aid. Feb. 18th. (Doc. No. 970218) Kenyon, S. (1991). Five women of Sennar: Culture and change in central Sudan. Oxford: Clarendon. El-Guindi, F. (1996). El Soubu: Egyptian celebration of life. Film Study Guide. Los Angeles: El Nil Research.
Mazrui, A. (1973). “The Black Arabs in comparative perspective: The political sociology of race mixture.” In D. Wai (Ed.), The Southern Sudan: The problem of national integration (pp. 47–83). London: Frank Cass. Modawi, O. (1982). Traditional practices in childbirth in Sudan. In Taha Baasher (Ed.) Traditional practices affecting the health of women and children. Alexandria: WHO Technical Publication No.2. Shazali, H. (1982). Nutritional taboos and traditional practices in pregnancy and lactation including breast-feeding. In Taha Baasher (Ed.). Traditional practices affecting the health of women and children. Alexandria: WHO Technical Publication No.2. Sudan Country Study. Available online at http:// LCWEB2.loc.gov/ cgi-bin/query/frd/CStudy Sudan Demographic & Health Survey. (1991). Maryland: Micro International Institute. Swar Eldahab, A. (1996). “Contraceptive use and fertility of women in Urban Sudan.” The Ahfad Journal 13(2), 12–31. United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). (2001). The situation of children and women in the Sudan. Khartoum: United Nations. World Health Organization (WHO). (1999). Fact Sheet. Geneva.
Thai Chris Lyttleton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
OVERVIEW
Siamese, replaced in 1939.
The Tai peoples moved down from Southern China roughly a thousand years ago to populate most of the central portion of the Indochinese peninsula. Over many centuries, a Thai culture, civilization, and identity has emerged as a product of interaction between the Tai and prior inhabitants such as the Mons and Khmers. The population of Thailand was 62.31 million in 2001. The Thai (Siamese) are the majority population living within the Thai borders and number more than 30 million. Other Tai ethnic groups also live within the Kingdom of Thailand, the most prominent being the ethnic Lao (Isan) with just over 20 million, however due to the impact of national administrative and development policies, ethnic differences are slowly being dissolved and Thai culture is becoming dominant throughout the country. Although the following summ
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