The activity coefficient of oxygen in binary liquid metal alloys
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t e c h n o l o g i c a l i m p o r t a n c e of c h e m i c a l i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n g a s e s such a s oxygen, n i t r o g e n , h y d r o g e n and s u l f u r with liquid m e t a l s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e a m o u n t of e x p e r i m e n t a l , t h e o r e t i c a l and c o m p i l a t i o n w o r k on the effect of a l l o y i n g e l e m e n t s on the a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s of n o n m e t a l l i c s o l u t e s in liquid m e t a l s d u r i n g the p a s t two decades.l-17 T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a c o n c e r n i n g the i n t e r a c t i o n of n o n m e t a l l i c s o l u t e with a l l o y i n g e l e m e n t s in liquid i r o n and c o p p e r have b e e n r e c e n t l y e v a l u a t e d and c o m p i l e d by S i g w o r t h and E l l i o t t . 12'~3 Since it i s p r a c t i c a l l y i m p o s s i b l e to d e t e r m i n e e x p e r i m e n t a l l y the i n t e r a c t i o n f o r a l l the p o t e n t i a l l y u s e f u l liquid m e t a l s y s t e m s , it is highly d e s i r a b l e to have a s u i t a b l e t h e o r e t i c a l m o d e l to p r e d i c t the t e r n a r y i n t e r a c t i o n knowing the t h e r m o d y n a m i c p r o p e r t i e s of the r e l e v a n t b i n a r y s y s t e m s . Although s e v e r a l t h e o r e t i c a l m o d e l s have b e e n p r o p o s e d in the l i t e r a t u r e by A1c o c k and R i c h a r d s o n , 3'4'~6'17 B e l t o n and T a n k i n s , 9 J a c o b and J e f f e s , ~~ F o o and L u p i s , 11 J a c o b and A1cock, 14 none of t h e s e m o d e l s can s u c c e s s f u l l y a c c o u n t f o r the effect of a l l o y i n g e l e m e n t s on the a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s of the n o n m e t a l l i c s o l u t e when going f r o m one p u r e m e t a l to the o t h e r . M o s t r e c e n t l y , W a g n e r 1~ p r o p o s e d a new t h e o r e t i c a l m o d e l with one a d j u s t a b l e e n e r g y p a r a m e t e r . Knowing t h i s p a r a m e t e r at any t e m p e r a t u r e and the t h e r m o d y n a m i c p r o p e r t i e s of the T. CHIANG and Y. A. CHANG are Graduate Student and Professor and Chairman, respectively, Materials Department, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201. Manuscript submitted November 21, 1975. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS B
s o l u t e in the r e s p e c t i v e b i n a r y s y s t e m s , one can c o m pute the v a r i a t i o n of the a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t of t h i s s o l u t e w i t h a l l o y c o m p o s i t i o n . T h e p u r p o s e s of the p r e s e n t study a r e 1) to extend the W a g n e r m o d e l to have two e n e r g y p a r a m e t e r s so a s to p r e d i c t q u a n t i t a t i v e l y the c o m p o s i t i o n a l d e p e n d e n c e s of the s o l u t e a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s with a l l o y i n g e l e m e n t s , 2) to d e r i v e the t h e o r e t i c a l e q u a t i o n s f
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