The adsorption of chlorofluoromethane on pristine, and Al- and Ga-doped boron nitride nanosheets: a DFT, NBO, and QTAIM
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The adsorption of chlorofluoromethane on pristine, and Al- and Ga-doped boron nitride nanosheets: a DFT, NBO, and QTAIM study Mohsen Doust Mohammadi 1 & Hewa Y. Abdullah 2 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present investigation, the feasibility of detecting the chlorofluoromethane (CFM) gas molecule onto the outer surface of pristine single layer boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS), as well as its aluminum (Al)– and gallium (Ga)–doped structures, was carefully evaluated. For achieving this goal, a density functional theory level of study using the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof exchange–correlation (PBEPBE) functional together with a 6-311G(d) basis set has been used. Subsequently, the B3LYP, CAMB3LYP, wB97XD, and M062X functionals with a 6-311G(d) basis set were also employed to consider the single-point energies. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were implemented by using the B3LYP-D3/6311G(d) method, and the results were compatible with the electronic properties. In this regard, the total density of states (TDOSs), the Wiberg bond index (WBI), natural charge, natural electron configuration, donor–acceptor natural bond orbital interactions, and the second-order perturbation energies are performed to explore the nature of the intermolecular interactions. All of the energy calculations and population analyses denote that by adsorbing of the gas molecule onto the surface of the considered nanostructures, the intermolecular interactions are of the type of strong chemical adsorption. Among the doped nanosheets, Gadoped nanosheet has very high adsorption energy compared with other elements (i.e., Ga-doped > Al-doped > pristine). Generally, it was revealed that the sensitivity of the adsorption will be increased when the gas molecule interacts with decorated nanosheets and decrease the HOMO-LUMO band gap; therefore, the change of electronic properties can be used to design suitable nanosensors to detect CFM gas. Keywords Chlorofluoromethane . CFM . Boron nitride . Nanosheet . Density functional theory . Freon 31 . Natural bond orbital
Introduction In the last two decades, theoretical studies in the density functional theory (DFT) framework on nanostructures have attracted the attention of many scientists in the fields of computational chemistry and solid-state physics [1–9]. The study of boron nitride nanosheet is no exception, and many theoretical studies on this nanostructure have led to interesting proposals for the manufacture of industrial devices [10–13]. Azizi et al. showed that when H2O molecule placed on the VD* Hewa Y. Abdullah [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176, Iran
2
Physics Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
8*8BNNS cavity, it will dissociatively chemisorbed [14]. Esrafili et al. have investigated widely various theoretical researches
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