The American Civil War and the Hollywood War Film

Throughout film history, war films have been in constant dialogue with both previous depictions of war and contemporary debates and technology. War films remember older war film cycles and draw upon the resources of the present day to say something new ab

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The American Civil War and the Hollywood War Film John Trafton

the american civil war and the hollywood war film Selection and editorial content © John Trafton 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-50318-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN 978-1-349-57387-5

ISBN 978-1-137-49702-4 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-49702-4 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trafton, John, 1982The American Civil War and the Hollywood war film / John Trafton. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. War films—United States—History and criticism. 2. United States— History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Motion pictures and the war. 3. History in motion pictures. I. Title. PN1995.9.W3T83 2015 791.43’658737—dc23 2015021051 A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.

Contents

List of Figures

vii

Acknowledgments

ix

Introduction: The Civil War, Pathos Formula, and Genre Memory

1

1

Civil War Paintings and the War Panorama

27

2

Panorama, Phantasmagoria, and Subjective Vision in War Cinema

49

3

War Photography

71

4

Photography and the War Film

93

5

The Soldier Diary

123

6

Civil War Epistolary and the Hollywood War Film

143

Coda: The Civil War, the American War Film, and Cultural Memory

159

Notes

167

Chronology of Events

175

Filmography

179

Bibliography

181

Index

189

Figures

Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 2.1 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Prisoners from the Front by Winslow Homer (1866) A painted cyclorama view of the Battle of Gettysburg, recently reconditioned Willard’s two-thousand-yard stare