The antiviral protein viperin interacts with the viral N protein to inhibit proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea v
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The antiviral protein viperin interacts with the viral N protein to inhibit proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Jiaqi Wu1 · Heng Chi1 · Yali Fu1 · Aiping Cao1 · Jingxuan Shi1 · Min Zhu1 · Lilin Zhang1 · Deping Hua1 · Jinhai Huang1 Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the early stage of virus infection, the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathway of the host cell is activated to induce interferon production, activating interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that encode antiviral proteins that exert antiviral effects. Viperin is one of the innate antiviral proteins that exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects by various mechanisms. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that causes huge losses to the pig industry. Research on early antiviral responses in the gastrointestinal tract is essential for developing strategies to prevent the spread of PEDV. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of viperin in PEDV-infected IPEJ-C2 cells. Increased expression of interferon and viperin and decreased replication of PEDV with a clear reduction in the viral load were observed in PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Amino acids 1–50 of porcine viperin contain an endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence that allows viperin to be anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum and are necessary for its function in inhibiting PEDV proliferation. The interaction of the viperin S-adenosylmethionine domain with the N protein of PEDV was confirmed via confocal laser scanning microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. This interaction might interfere with viral replication or assembly to reduce virus proliferation. Our results highlight a potential mechanism whereby viperin is able to inhibit PEDV replication and play an antiviral role in innate immunity.
Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the causative agent of PED, is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae [27]. In pigs, PEDV first infects the Peyer’s patch, a small area of intestinal lymph nodes [31]. It then proliferates and spreads to intestinal epithelial cells, eventually leading to infection of the entire small intestine [37]. Injury of intestinal organelles causes cell dysfunction and a reduction or loss of related enzyme activities. Impaired nutrient absorption due to enzyme inactivation can lead to osmotic diarrhea, dehydration, and death [18].
Handling Editor: Tim Skern. Jiaqi Wu and Heng Chi contributed equally to this work. * Deping Hua * Jinhai Huang [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
PEDV is a common coronavirus that has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry and its related peripheral industries worldwide [32]. Research on the natural immune responses to PEDV is still in its infancy, and there have been few reports in the literature about this topic [6]. Viperin is a broad-spectrum antiviral protein tha
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