The Application of an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention at the Population-Level
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THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES (A CAMERON AND K BACKHOLER, SECTION EDITORS)
The Application of an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention at the Population-Level Gary Sacks 1 & Janelle Kwon 1 & Jaithri Ananthapavan 1,2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review To review existing frameworks for assessing the evidence of effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions, and discuss the application of a custom-developed evidence framework to inform an obesity prevention priority-setting study in Australia. Recent Findings There are a wide range of frameworks for grading evidence. However, most frameworks are not well suited to assess the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions because they do not include processes to synthesise evidence from multiple study designs and outcome measures. The key features of the Obesity Prevention Evidence Assessment (OPEA) Framework are: [1] separately assessed weight-, diet- and physical activity-related outcomes; [2] consideration of the balance of evidence from multiple study types; and [3] a summary indication of the degree of certainty of intervention effectiveness. Summary Evidence frameworks that recognise the complexities of obesity prevention research can support decision-makers in prioritising actions to address obesity alongside broader priority-setting considerations. Keywords Obesity prevention . Evidence hierarchy . Strength of evidence . Priority-setting
Introduction The rising prevalence of obesity and associated health, economic and social burden is a global issue of concern [1, 2]. While several determinants and many complex interactions shape the causal pathways leading to overweight and obesity, it is widely agreed that the increased availability and promotion of relatively cheap, palatable and energy-dense foods is a significant driver of high obesity rates [3]. Changing food environments have been accompanied by highly sedentary work and leisure time, decreased active transport and This article is part of the Topical Collection on The Obesity Epidemic: Causes and Consequences * Gary Sacks [email protected] 1
Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
2
Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
increased availability of labour-saving devices [4], further exaggerating energy imbalances and weight gain at the population-level. There is global consensus that comprehensive population-wide action is required to address the systemic and environmental drivers of obesity [3], and numerous population-level strategies are routinely recommended by health organisations and public health experts [5, 6]. However, decision-makers (e.g. policy-makers and public health practitioners) are faced with the challenging task of prioritising interventions to implement wit
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