The application of geostatistical inversion in shale lithofacies prediction: a case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
The application of geostatistical inversion in shale lithofacies prediction: a case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in Fuling area in the southeast Sichuan Basin, China Xiaochen Liu1,2 · Yangbo Lu1,2 · Yongchao Lu1,2 · Lei Chen3 · Yiquan Ma1,2 · Chao Wang4
Received: 20 October 2016 / Accepted: 13 May 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017
Abstract Based on cores, well logs and seismic data, we established the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and predicted the shale lithofacies distribution within the sequence stratigraphic framework using geostatistical inversion. The results of our study show that the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation is a third order sequence that includes a transgressive systems tract (TST), an early highstand systems tract (EHST) and a late highstand systems tract (LHST). Four lithofacies units have been recognized, specifically siliceous shale, argillaceous shale, calcareous shale and mixed shale. The results of geostatistical inversion reveal that the TST is characterized by flaky siliceous shale and some sparsely distributed calcareous shale. The EHST is dominated by mixed shale with minor amounts of siliceous shale, which occurs in only a small area. Moreover, in the LHST, argillaceous shale occupies almost the entire study region. Comparing to traditional geological research with geophysical research, the vertical resolution of the predictive results of geostatistical inversion could reach 1–2 m. Geostatistical inversion effectively solves the problem of precisely identifying the lithofacies in the * Yangbo Lu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3
School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
4
Petroleum Exploration and Development, Jianghan Oilfield Branch Company, Sinopec, Wuhan 430223, China
Fuling shale gas field and predicting their spatial distribution. This successful study showcases the potential of this method for carrying out marine shale lithofacies prediction in China and other locations with similar geological backgrounds. Keywords Lithofacies prediction · Geostatistical inversion · Marine shale · Longmaxi Formation · Sichuan Basin
Introduction Precise identification of marine shale lithofacies and prediction of the distribution of these lithofacies has hitherto faced many challenges. Shale lithofacies has been classified based on cores, well logs, thin section and X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, traditional classification may represent only a small portion of the shale reservoir (John et al. 2008). 3D seismic data plays an important role in predicting the spatial structure of reservoir. Therefore, the currently prevailing strategy for comprehensive description of shale reservoirs is to integrate cores,
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