The association between obesity and hyperactivity/anxiety among elementary school students in Japan
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The association between obesity and hyperactivity/anxiety among elementary school students in Japan Yohei Suzuki 1 & Ai Ikeda 1 & Koutatsu Maruyama 2 & Naoko Sakamoto 3 & Hiroo Wada 1 & Takeshi Tanigawa 1
# International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019
Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the association between hyperactivity/anxiety and obesity among elementary school students in Matsuyama City, Japan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of all 46 elementary school students (24, 296 students) in Matsuyama City. The questionnaire included question items from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), as well as questions about height and weight. The students were classified into two groups according to Rohrer index. After separating the data by gender, we examined the association between (1) obesity and hyperactivity, (2) obesity and anxiety, and (3) obesity and combination of hyperactivity and anxiety, by estimating relative risk using Poisson regression model. We also conducted stratified analyses to examine the effect modification by age groups and unbalance of diet on those associations. Moreover, we calculated relative excess risk due to the interaction (RERI) to examine whether there was an additive interaction between hyperactivity and anxiety. Results Sixteen thousand forty-eight students were included in the present analysis. The prevalence ratio (PR) of being obese in girls who had both hyperactivity and anxiety was higher compared to girls without those symptoms (PR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.04– 3.13). There was no significant difference in the prevalence ratio for obesity in boys, whether they were hyperactive, anxious, or neither. RERI was 0.00 for boys and 0.18 for girls. Conclusion We found a significant association between obesity and co-existence of hyperactivity and anxiety among elementary school girls. Our findings strengthen the need to further explore the association between childhood obesity, hyperactivity, and anxiety. Keywords Anxiety . Children . Hyperactivity . Obesity
Introduction Obesity among schoolchildren has become a major problem in Japan. According to a national survey, the number of obese children aged between 6 and 12 has increased by about threeElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-019-09827-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Takeshi Tanigawa [email protected] 1
Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
2
Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
3
Department of Epidemiologic Research, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
fold compared to the number reported 30 years ago [1]. In 2017, the prevalence ratio for obesity was 9.69% for Japanese boys and 8.72% for Japanese girls in the sixth grade of elementary school [2]. Obesity in childhood may be associated with various physical problems, such as hypertension
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