The association of alcohol with circulating total fibrinogen and plasma clot density is mediated by fibrinogen and FXIII
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RESEARCH
Open Access
The association of alcohol with circulating total fibrinogen and plasma clot density is mediated by fibrinogen and FXIII genotypes Petro Hannie Rautenbach1†, Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau1,2*†
and Marlien Pieters1,2
Abstract Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with haemostasis and so may influence cardiovascular conditions. It is unknown whether the association of alcohol with total and γ’ fibrinogen concentrations, as well as clot structure, are modulated by fibrinogen and factor (F) XIII single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods: Total fibrinogen, γ’ fibrinogen and clot properties of 2010 healthy Africans residing in South Africa were measured in relation to alcohol intake as well as its markers – gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), percentage carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Fourteen fibrinogen and two SNPs in the FXIII gene were genotyped to determine their influence. Results: Alcohol intake and its markers correlated negatively with fibrinogen and clot lysis time (CLT) as well as with most of the clot properties. Percentage γ’ fibrinogen correlated positively with AST and negatively with alcohol intake. We then stratified for alcohol intake and found inverse associations between γ’ fibrinogen and both %CDT and GGT–CDT in consumers, but the positive association with AST remained only in abstainers. Alcohol intake and its markers modulated the influence of fibrinogen SNPs on total fibrinogen concentrations and the fibrinogen SNPs as well as an FXIII SNP on clot density (all p < 0.004). Conclusion/s: We show for the first time that some individuals harbour certain genotypes that, in combination with alcohol consumption, might predispose or protect them from haemostatic factors that might lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. Studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms related to the interplay between alcohol and the gene variants observed here. Keywords: ALT, AST, Coagulation, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Percentage carbohydrate deficient transferrin, Selfreported alcohol intake
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Petro Hannie Rautenbach and Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau contributed equally to this work. 1 Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Private bag x6001, Nutrition, Box 594, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa 2 Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a c
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