The Auxin-Nitric Oxide Highway: A Right Direction in Determining the Plant Root System
Nitric oxide (NO) appeared as a novel signal molecule in plants at the end of the twentieth century. Since then, new discoveries on the participation of NO in the regulation of plant biology have not stopped. One of the most yet intriguing aspects that ar
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The Auxin-Nitric Oxide Highway: A Right Direction in Determining the Plant Root System Natalia Correa-Aragunde, Ramiro Parı´s, Noelia Foresi, Cecilia Terrile, Claudia Casalongue´, and Lorenzo Lamattina
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) appeared as a novel signal molecule in plants at the end of the twentieth century. Since then, new discoveries on the participation of NO in the regulation of plant biology have not stopped. One of the most yet intriguing aspects that are under strong investigation is the extension and scope of the NO involvement in the control of cell redox balance and hormone-regulated processes. In this chapter, we addressed both issues connecting root growth with the NO-mediated posttranslational modification S-nitrosylation on the auxin receptor transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) and on the antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1). Auxin is probably the best studied plant hormone influencing root growth and development. Even if the components of the signaling cascade leading to the induction of auxin-responsive genes have been elucidated, here we describe the last findings explaining the molecular mechanisms underlying the requirement of NO to get a full response to auxin stimulus.
1 Nitric Oxide as a Ubiquitous Signal Molecule in Plant Physiology Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous and free radical gas that regulates a wide range of physiological processes in the plant kingdom. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that NO in combination with phytohormones participates in the physiology of virtually all plant cells.
N. Correa-Aragunde • R. Parı´s • N. Foresi • C. Terrile • C. Casalongue´ • L. Lamattina (*) Instituto de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (CONICET), CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L. Lamattina, C. Garcı´a-Mata (eds.), Gasotransmitters in Plants, Signaling and Communication in Plants, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_6
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A large number of investigations have proposed NO as a signaling molecule with essential roles in germination, growth, differentiation, and senescence (Arc et al. 2013). NO modulates root architecture (Correa-Aragunde et al. 2004), flowering (He et al. 2004), the establishment of symbiosis with microorganisms (del Giudice et al. 2011), and responses to abiotic challenges (Tanou et al. 2009), nutritional imbalances (Besson-Bard et al. 2009), and biotic stresses (Lindermayr et al. 2010). NO can be produced by nonenzymatic and enzymatic sources depending on organ or tissue as well as on physiological state of the plant and environmental conditions. The best characterized enzymatic reaction that contributes to NO production is catalyzed by nitrate reductase (NR) and uses nitrite as substrate. There are two NR enzymes, one is cytosolic and the other one is a membrane bound NR (Desikan et al. 2002). In additi
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