The Basal Ganglia Novel Perspectives on Motor and Cognitive Function
This text presents the contemporary understanding of the basal ganglia. In a groundbreaking synthesis, diverse research perspectives grounded in neuroscience and neurobiology are bought together to reflect an integrated understanding of these deep b
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Jean-Jacques Soghomonian Editor
The Basal Ganglia Novel Perspectives on Motor and Cognitive Functions
Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8817
Jean-Jacques Soghomonian Editor
The Basal Ganglia Novel Perspectives on Motor and Cognitive Functions
Editor Jean-Jacques Soghomonian Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
ISSN 2509-730X ISSN 2509-7318 (electronic) Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience ISBN 978-3-319-42741-6 ISBN 978-3-319-42743-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948218 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
To Allison and Emilie
Preface
Descriptions of the deep brain structures that have come to be called the “basal ganglia” can be traced back as far as 350 years based on recorded anatomical observations, notably those published in 1664 by the English anatomist Thomas Willis. Yet, for much of this time, the basal ganglia have held a certain enigmatic quality in terms of their functions. The conception held late into the twentieth century that the basal ganglia were associated largely with motor control or coordination had a few roots. Basal ganglia ablation studies in animals that began in the nineteenth century showed dramatically marked motor symptomatology. In clinical neurology, features such as dystonia, dyskinesia, and chorea, manifesting in neurodegenerative disorders with known involvement of the basal ganglia structures, reasonably reinforced the prominence of the motor-centered view. Pioneering work in neurobiology conducted in the 1960s and 1970s began the sea of change in the contemporary understanding of the basal ganglia. Progress was made possible thanks to th
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