The benefits of using manufactured sand with cement for peat stabilisation: An experimental investigation of physico-che
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The benefits of using manufactured sand with cement for peat stabilisation: An experimental investigation of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of stabilised peat Jingyu Wang 1 & Miao Li 2 & Zhiliang Wang 3 & Linfang Shen 4 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The traditional use of cement for soil stabilisation is challenged by peat due to the high organic content in peat and the associated unfavourable environmental and economic impacts. This study explores the potential and benefits of using manufactured sand, an economical, easily accessible and environmentally friendly construction material, with cement for peat stabilisation. Experiments were conducted with a view to investigating the optimal dosage of manufactured sand and cement, as evidenced by the improvement in the physico-chemical and mechanical qualities of stabilised peat. Based on the required strength of 1.00 MPa in engineering practice, an optimal configuration was determined with the ratio of manufactured sand to peat being 5:5, and the cement content 36.15%. At the optimal configuration, the unconfined compressive strength of stabilised peat was 2.33 times greater than the specimens without sand, and the void ratio was reduced from 1.72 of natural peat to less than 0.58. Optimal configuration can reduce cement dosage by 36.36%, hence carbon emissions by 36.36%, and costs by 38.28%. This study established that using manufactured sand with cement offered an economical, efficient and environmentally friendly engineering solution to peat stabilisation. Keywords Manufactured sand . Peat . Cement . Experimental study . Mechanical properties . Physico-chemical properties
Introduction The most common approach for treating problematic soft soils with high organic content that are to be used for foundations is chemical stabilisation through the addition of cement. Peat is one such soil; however, the effectiveness of solely using cement to treat peat foundations is compromised by the high content of organic humic acid in peat. When cement is mixed with peat, the active functional groups with strong ionic
exchange in humic acid tend to dehydrogenate and adsorb the calcium ion of cement (Chen and Wang 2006; Hebib and Farrell 2003), which hinders the formation of hydrates. Moreover, the humic acid can attach to the surface of aluminous minerals and restrain hydration. This negatively affects the ability of cement to both stabilise the soil and strengthen foundations. An engineering case reported that a surrounding building was subjected to a settlement exceeding 500 mm even after the peat layers were treated with cement deep
* Zhiliang Wang [email protected]
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South RD, Kunming 650500, China
Jingyu Wang [email protected]
2
Engineering, Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurs
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