The Birds and the Bees: Integrating Other Organisms
Ecological landscapes are full of life. The myriad organisms that inhabit living soil are just the beginning. Spores settle on every leaf. Insects crawl along stems, while birds hop, strut, and chatter. Animals, like plants, have diversified to inhabit mo
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Principles of Ecological Landscape Design
Travis Beck
Washington | Covelo | London
© 2013 Travis Beck All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, Suite 300, 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009 ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of the Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beck, Travis. Principles of ecological landscape design / Travis Beck. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59726-701-4 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 1-59726-701-5 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-159726-702-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 1-59726-702-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Ecological landscape design. 2. Ecosystem health. I. Title. QH541.15.L35B43 2012 577--dc23 2012022172 Printed using Franklin Gothic Condensed Typesetting by Lyle Rosbotham Printed by Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Keywords: biodiversity, biogeography, biomes, climate change, competition, disturbance, ecology, ecosystem management, edge effect, keystone species, landscape, landscape ecology, microclimate, plant communities, plant populations, soils, succession, Sustainable Sites, water
To those who taught me ecology and biology, especially Mr. Tolley, Richard Irwin, and Dr. Ralph Boerner.
Contents
Acknowledgments Foreword
xi xiii
Introduction 1
1 Right Plant, Right Place: Biogeography and Plant Selection
7
2 Beyond Massing: Working with Plant Populations and Communities
33
3 The Struggle for Coexistence: On Competition and Assembling Tight Communities
65
4 Complex Creations: Designing and Managing Ecosystems
89
5 Maintaining the World as We Know It: Biodiversity for High-Functioning Landscapes
107
6 The Stuff of Life: Promoting Living Soils and Healthy Waters
125
7 The Birds and the Bees: Integrating Other Organisms
153
8 When Lightning Strikes: Counting on Disturbance, Planning for Succession
179
9 An Ever-Shifting Mosaic: Landscape Ecology Applied
209
10 No Time Like the Present: Creating Landscapes for an Era of Global Change
235
Bibliography Index
261 273
Acknowledgments
This book is the culmination of a long process of thought and discovery, reaching back to graduate school and before. Therefore, more people have offered ideas, assistance, and support than I can name here. Above all, this book stands on the shoulders of the many ecologists whose articles I consulted and of all those who generously shared their work and experiences with me as case studies. However, there are several individuals and institutions whom I would especially like to thank. Martin Quigley was an essential ally and made numerous contributions. Carol Franklin offered encouragement and advice, as well as a case study and the Foreword. Erica Beade of MBC Graphics went above and beyond the call of duty in her preparation of illu
