The Black Urban Community From Dusk Till Dawn
This book explores the many facets of black urban life from its genesis in the 18th century to the present time. With some historical background, the volume is primarily a contemporary critique, focusing on the major themes which have arisen and the chall
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Gayle T. Tate and Lewis A. Randolph
THE BLACK URBAN COMMUNITY
© Gayle T. Tate and Lewis A. Randolph, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7067-1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-4039-7068-8 ISBN 978-1-349-73572-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-73572-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Voices of Sankofa “Chained together link by link, through generations we have waited, to be set free, from obscurity beneath cemented ground . . . Each day we prayed for sacredness, for just deliverance, to have a place of sanctity, of peace and reverence. . . . Ancestral spirits, we are they, torn slaves from years gone by, searching for the dignity that thrice we were denied. . . . Then in an excavation, our swaddled bones were found, tortured, tragic memories upon the earthen mound. Men and women, children too, were gently cradled out, three hundred years of slavery has left no room for doubt, that we are all God’s children, despite our race and color, let’s listen to our past, our Message of Sankofa!” Sonnibell Burroughs
Contents
List of Tables
viii
Introduction
1
Part 1 Origins, Protest and Black Community 1. Civilization and Its Discontents: Black Life in the Eighteenth-Century Cities of British North America Rhett Jones
19
2. Memories of Hayti: African American Community in Durham, North Carolina, 1890–1970 Oscar R. Williams
41
3. Discovering an African American Planning History Joan Fitzgerald and William D. Howard 4. Historic Designation and the Preservation of Public Housing Mittie Olion Chandler
49
56
Part 2 Urban Political Economy and Black Communities 5. Entering the New City as Men and Women, Not Mules Jessica Gordon Nembhard 6. “Faces at the Bottom of the Well”: African American Poverty and the Postindustrial City at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century Frank Harold Wilson 7. African/Asian/Uptown/Downtown: An Exploration of African Trading Networks in New York City Paul Stoller 8. Globalization, Cities, and Racial Inequality: Don’t Believe the Hype James B. Stewart
75
101
127 144
vi
CONTENTS
Part 3 Religion, Spirituality, and Faith 9. “The Pupi
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