The Brighton School and the Birth of British Film
This study is devoted to the work of two early British filmmakers, George Albert Smith and James Williamson, and the films that they made around 1900. Internationally, they are known collectively as the ‘Brighton School’ and are positioned as being at the
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f r a n k gr ay
The Brighton School and the Birth of British Film
Frank Gray
The Brighton School and the Birth of British Film
Frank Gray University of Brighton Brighton, UK
ISBN 978-3-030-17504-7 ISBN 978-3-030-17505-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17505-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: eStudio Calamar This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
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Contents
1 Introduction 3 2 Investigating the Brighton School 19 3 Invention and Wonder: The Arrival of Film in Britain and Brighton, 1894–1896 41 4 Wonders and Marvels: Smith’s Early Years 79 5 1897: Smith Turns to Film
113
6 Smith’s Visions and Transformations: The Films of 1898153 7 Smith’s Edited Films, 1899–1903173 8 Williamson’s Kinematograph Films
213
9 Williamson’s Picture Stories
243
vii
viii
CONTENTS
10 Transitions, Chains and Flows
269
Resources and Bibliography
279
Index293
List of Figures
Fig. 1.1
The Kiss in the Tunnel, G.A. Smith, 1899. Courtesy of BFI National Archive. Albert and Laura Bayley Smith within the film’s set, St Ann’s Well Gardens, Hove Fig. 2.1 Grandma’s Reading Glass, G.A. Smith, 1900. Courtesy of BFI National Archive Fig. 3.1 King’s Road and the West Pier, Brighton, c. 1896. London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company. Courtesy of Screen Archive South East. The Edison Kinetoscope was presented here in 1895 Fig. 4.1 Brighton Aquarium, Brighton, c. 1890. Stereoview, Lombardi & Co., Brighton. Courtesy of Screen Archive South East. The Aquarium presented mesmerism shows, pantomimes, the magic lantern, the kinetoscope and the cinematograph Fig. 5.1 Han
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