The Central and East European Population since 1850

This is the third volume of three on demographics. All major fields of demographic change are covered. Population figures are given for each population census by sex, civil status and age. Major demographic developments within the family are described pro

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THE SOCIETIES OF EUROPE

A series of publications by the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research

Series Editors: Peter Flora, Franz Kraus and Bernhard Ebbinghaus

Titles in print Elections in Western Europe since 1815 Trade Unions in Western Europe since 1945 The European Population, 1850–1945 The European Population since 1945 The Central and East European Population since 1850

The Central and East European Population since 1850 Franz Rothenbacher

© Franz Rothenbacher 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-27389-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries

ISBN 978-1-349-67029-1 ISBN 978-1-137-27390-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137273901 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

Editorial Introduction The Unity and Diversity of Europe

This handbook on the Central and East European population since 1850 is the fifth in a whole series of volumes. With this series we hope to improve the empirical basis for a comparative-historical analysis of the Societies of Europe which is also the title chosen for the series. Unity and diversity Anyone who is interested in Europe, as a citizen or scientist, faces the basic question of the unity and diversity of the European societies. The question itself is characteristic of Europe; for any other region of the world, it would make much less sense. Between unity and diversity, there has been a persistent th