The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements

The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is the contemporary and definitive exposition of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the trans

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ACTINIDE AND TRANSACTINIDE ELEMENTS

Joseph J. Katz

Glenn T. Seaborg

This work is dedicated to Joseph J. Katz and Glenn T. Seaborg, authors of the first and second editions of The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements and leaders in the field of actinide chemistry.

THE CHEMISTRY OF THE

ACTINIDE AND TRANSACTINIDE ELEMENTS FOURTH EDITION Volumes 1–6 EDITED BY Lester R. Morss Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Norman M. Edelstein Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

Jean Fuger University of Lie`ge, Lie`ge, Belgium

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress: 2010931441

ISBN: 978-94-007-0210-3 (HB) 6 Volume set ISBN: 978-94-007-0211-0 (e-book) 6 Volume set

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

Chapters 33 and 36 were created within the capacity of an US governmental employment and therefore are in the public domain. All Rights Reserved # 2010 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.

CONTENTS Volume 1 ix xv

Contributors Preface 1. Introduction Joseph J. Katz, Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, and Jean Fuger 2. Actinium H. W. Kirby and L. R. Morss 3. Thorium Mathias S. Wickleder, Blandine Fourest, and Peter K. Dorhout 4. Protactinium Boris F. Myasoedov, H. W. Kirby, and Ivan G. Tananaev 5. Uranium Ingmar Grenthe, Janusz Droz˙dz˙yn´ski, Takeo Fujino, Edgar C. Buck, Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt, and Stephen F. Wolf Subject Index (Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

1

18 52 161 253

I-1

Volume 2 ix xv

Contributors Preface 6. Neptunium Zenko Yoshida, Stephen G. Johnson, Takaumi Kimura, and John R. Krsul 7. Plutonium David L. Clark, Siegfried S. Hecker, Gordon D. Jarvinen, and Mary P. Neu 8. Americium Wolfgang H. Runde and Wallace W. Schulz Subject Index (Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

v

699

813

1265

I-1

vi

Contents

Volume 3 Contributors Preface

ix xv

9. Curium 1397 Gregg J. Lumetta, Major C. Thompson, Robert A. Penneman, and P. Gary Eller 10. Berkelium 1444 David E. Hobart and Joseph R. Peterson 11. Californium 1499 Richard G. Haire 12. Einsteinium 1577 Richard G. Haire 13. Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium 1621 Robert J. Silva 14. Transactinide Elements and Future Elements 1652 Darleane C. Hoffman, Diana M. Lee, and Valeria Pershina 15. Summary and Comparison of Properties of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 1753 Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger, Joseph J. Katz, and Lester R. Morss 16. Spectra and Electronic Structures of Free Actinide Atoms and Ions 1836 Earl F. Worden, Jean Blaise, Mark Fred, Norbert Trautmann, and Jean-Franc¸ois