The communities of ectomycorrhizal fungal species associated with Betula pendula R oth and Pinus sylvestris L. growing i
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The communities of ectomycorrhizal fungal species associated with Betula pendula ROTH and Pinus sylvestris L. growing in heavy-metal contaminated soils Wojciech Bierza & Karolina Bierza & Artur Trzebny & Izabela Greń & Miroslawa Dabert & Ryszard Ciepał & Lidia K. Trocha Received: 15 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Aims Pioneer tree species such as Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris encroach soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs). This is facilitated by ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing tree roots. Thus, we evaluated the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities of B. pendula and P. sylvestris growing in HMcontaminated soils compared to non-contaminated soils. We also studied the effect of HMs and soil properties on EMF communities and soil fungal biomass. Methods Roots of B. pendula and P. sylvestris were collected from three HM-contaminated sites and from two non-contaminated sites located in Poland. EMF
Responsible Editor: Erik J. Joner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04737-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W. Bierza (*) : K. Bierza : I. Greń : R. Ciepał Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland e-mail: [email protected] A. Trzebny : M. Dabert Faculty of Biology, Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland L. K. Trocha Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Protection, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
species were identified using DNA barcoding. Soil fungal biomass was determined by soil ergosterol. Results B. pendula and P. sylvestris growing in HMcontaminated soils had similar EMF communities, where Scleroderma, Rhizopogon and Russula as well as ectomycorrhizae of the long-distance exploration type dominated. Among all of the examined soil factors studied, toxicity index (TITotal) was the most significant factor shaping the composition of EMF communities. Despite significant differences in the structure of the EMF communities of trees growing in HMcontaminated sites compared to control sites, no differences in overall diversity were observed. Conclusions Only well-adapted EMF species can survive toxic conditions and form ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with encroaching trees facilitating the forest succession on contaminated soils. Keywords Ectomycorrhiza . Next generation sequencing (NGS) . Heavy metal pollution . Pioneer tree species . Silver birch . Scots pine Abbreviations ROS Reactive Oxygen Species HM Heavy Metal GSH Glutathione MTs Metallothioneins EMF Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ECM Ectomycorhiza OTU Operational Taxonomic Unit HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography DAD Diode-Array Detector
Plant Soil
TI NMDS CCA
Toxicity Index Non-metric Multidimensional Scalin
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