The Companion Guide to the Mathematical Experience Study Edition

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1995

Birkhiuser Boston • Basel • Berlin

Philip 1. Davis Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence, RI 02912 Elena Anne Marchisotto Department of Mathematics California State University, Northridge Northridge, CA 91330-8313

Reuben Hersh Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131

Printed on acid-free paper

«> 1995 Birkhliuser

Birkhiiuser

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®

Copyright is not claimed for works of U.S. Government employees. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by Birkhliuser Boston for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $6.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A. Special requests should be addresseddirectJy to Birkhiiuser Boston, 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. ISBN-13: 978-0-8176-3849-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4280-2

e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4280-2

Text for The Companion Guide to the Mathematical Experience Study Edition was typeset by Martin Stock, Cambridge, MA

987654321

Contents I. Introduction to this Companion Guide

A Note to Instructors Special Features In the Text Topics to Explore, Essay Assignments, Problems, Computer Problems, Suggested Readings In the Companion Guide Expository Research Papers, Topics for Classroom Discussion, Projects, Tutorials

3

5

6

II. Chapter Guidelines

1. The Mathematical Landscape 2. Varieties of Mathematical Experience 3. Outer Issues 4. Inner Issues 5. Selected Topics in Mathematics 6. Teaching and Learning 7. From Certainty to Fallibility 8. Mathematical Reality

11 12 32 37 54 59 64 67

III. Sample Syllabus

First Day Handout Syllabus

75 76

v

Contents IV. Sample Group Activities The Mathematical Experience The Mathematical Landscape Varieties of Mathematical Experience Outer Issues: Utility Inner Issues The Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean Triples Pascal's Triangle Connections: The Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Numbers From Certainty to Fallibility Mathematical Reality

89 90 91

92 93 94

95 96

97 98 99

V. Sample Examinations Sample Take-Home Examination Sample Examination Sample Midterm Examination Sample Final Examination VI. Topics for Expository Research Papers Topics for Expository Research Papers Suggestions for Grading Essays and Research Papers

vi

103 105 107 108 113 119

The COlDpanion Guide to

The Mathematical Experience Study Edition

Part I Introduction to this Companion Guide

A Note to Instructors The first Mathematical Experience appeared in 1981. At that time, only a few years ago, it was commonly believed that it was impossible to make contemporary mathematics meaningful to the intelligent non-mathematician. Since then, dozens of popular