The complexity of eye-hand coordination: a perspective on cortico-cerebellar cooperation
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RESEARCH
Open Access
The complexity of eye-hand coordination: a perspective on cortico-cerebellar cooperation John-Ross Rizzo1,2,3,4* , Mahya Beheshti1,4, Tahereh Naeimi1, Farnia Feiz1, Girish Fatterpekar5, Laura J. Balcer2,6,7, Steven L. Galetta2,6, Aasef G. Shaikh8, Janet C. Rucker2,6 and Todd E. Hudson1,2,3
Abstract Background: Eye–hand coordination (EHC) is a sophisticated act that requires interconnected processes governing synchronization of ocular and manual motor systems. Precise, timely and skillful movements such as reaching for and grasping small objects depend on the acquisition of high-quality visual information about the environment and simultaneous eye and hand control. Multiple areas in the brainstem and cerebellum, as well as some frontal and parietal structures, have critical roles in the control of eye movements and their coordination with the head. Although both cortex and cerebellum contribute critical elements to normal eye-hand function, differences in these contributions suggest that there may be separable deficits following injury. Method: As a preliminary assessment for this perspective, we compared eye and hand-movement control in a patient with cortical stroke relative to a patient with cerebellar stroke. Result: We found the onset of eye and hand movements to be temporally decoupled, with significant decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke. In contrast, the patient with cortical stroke displayed increased hand spatial errors and less significant temporal decoupling variance. Increased decoupling variance in the patient with cerebellar stroke was primarily due to unstable timing of rapid eye movements, saccades. Conclusion: These findings highlight a perspective in which facets of eye-hand dyscoordination are dependent on lesion location and may or may not cooperate to varying degrees. Broadly speaking, the results corroborate the general notion that the cerebellum is instrumental to the process of temporal prediction for eye and hand movements, while the cortex is instrumental to the process of spatial prediction, both of which are critical aspects of functional movement control. Keywords: Eye-hand coordination, Visually-guided reaching, Cerebellar stroke, Cortical stroke
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 2 Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in
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