The Construction of Cultural Consensus Models to Characterize Ethnogeological Knowledge
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Construction of Cultural Consensus Models to Characterize Ethnogeological Knowledge Angel A. Garcia Jr 1
&
Steven Semken 2
&
Elizabeth Brandt 3
Received: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 9 June 2020 # The European Association for Conservation of the Geological Heritage 2020
Abstract Limited research interest has been focused on the understanding of culturally framed geology knowledge in comparison with more mature ethnosciences such as ethnobotany or ethnogeography. Ethnogeology is the scientific study of human relationships with and knowledge of the Earth system, generally investigated within the context of a specific culture, through the implementation of field geologic and field ethnographic methods. The purpose of this paper is to present the use of cultural consensus analysis for the exploration of culturally framed knowledge of geological processes. We used rapid assessment methods from the discipline of field ethnography with local cultural consultants, to construct a cultural consensus questionnaire about karst processes and riverine geomorphology in Puerto Rico (PR) and the Dominican Republic (DR). We employed the results from structured interviews and identified common themes that we organized as a cultural consensus model (CCM). Our results indicate a CCM for the knowledge domain of karst processes and riverine geomorphology that is shared by inhabitants of karst regions in DR and PR, which constitutes a reliable system of local ethnogeologic knowledge. Conceptual key elements of the model include use of metaphors and analogies to describe geomorphic processes and speleothem. We discuss the use of rapid assessment and cultural consensus analysis as a method for ethnogeological research, and the implications for place-based geoscience education, participatory research, and geoheritage. Keywords Ethnogeology . Caribbean culture . Caribbean karst . Caribbean ethnography
Introduction Indigenous or historically resident (e.g., Hispanic or Latinx) communities may perceive their natural surroundings differently from outside observers trained in the “Western” or EuroAmerican tradition. This phenomenon derives from characteristics that are unique to these communities, such as precolonization historical continuity, language (intact or fragmented), distinct lifeways and belief systems, or culturally defined connections to the land. Traditional ecological
* Angel A. Garcia, Jr [email protected] 1
Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
2
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
3
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
knowledge (TEK, alternatively referred to as indigenous knowledge) exceeds the epistemological boundaries of nonindigenous ideas of physical characteristics of the world (Cajete 1999). This way of perceiving and approaching the natural world embraces and highlights unique artistic, spiritual, intuitive, and cognitive ways (McLeod 20
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