The Contribution of Meaningfulness and Mindfulness to Psychological Well-Being and Mental Health: A Structural Equation
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The Contribution of Meaningfulness and Mindfulness to Psychological Well‑Being and Mental Health: A Structural Equation Model Antonio Crego1 · José Ramón Yela1 · María Ángeles Gómez‑Martínez1 · Ahmed A. Karim2,3,4
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Experiencing meaning in life and practicing mindfulness in daily life are desirable features of a healthy and satisfactory life. However, the relationships among meaningfulness, mindfulness, psychological well-being and mental health outcomes remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and meaning in life and to analyse how these variables are connected with life satisfaction, happiness, mental health and affect scores, regarded as outcome variables, after controlling for the effects of socio-demographic variables and religious attitudes. The data from a questionnaire survey (N = 1628), including measures of the presence of meaning in life, dispositional mindfulness, life satisfaction, happiness, mental health and affect, were analysed using correlation analyses, multiple regression analyses and structural equation modelling. Mindfulness and meaningfulness were significantly associated with one another. A structural equation model revealed that compared to mindfulness, meaningfulness was more strongly associated with positive well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, happiness and positive affect). Mindfulness, however, had a stronger relationship with negative well-being (i.e., negative affect and mental health issues). Moreover, meaningfulness was found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and both positive and negative well-being. These findings provide new insights for psychological interventions promoting well-being and enhancing mental health through mindfulness- and meaningfulness-based approaches. Keywords Mindfulness · Meaning in life · Well-being · Life satisfaction · Happiness · Mental health
1 Introduction Mindfulness and meaning in life are associated with mental health and well-being (Gu et al. 2015; Steger 2017, 2018). However, little is known about how these constructs are connected to each other and to positive outcomes. Mindfulness involves (1) the self-regulation * Antonio Crego [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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of attention, keeping it focused on the present moment and immediate experiences, and (2) a particular orientation towards one’s experiences in the present moment, characterised by curiosity, openness and acceptance (Bishop et al. 2004). In contrast, meaning in life refers to assessments about the significance, purpose, and coherence in a person’s life (George and Park 2016; Martela and Steger 2016).
1.1 Connections Between Mindfulness and Meaning in Life Research has suggested that mindfulness may provide a pathway to meaning in life (Littman-Ovadia and Niemiec 2016), with mindfulness and meaning in life being positively correlated (Allan et al. 2015; Bloch et al. 2017; Hanley e
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