The CUORE Pulse Tube Noise Cancellation Technique
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The CUORE Pulse Tube Noise Cancellation Technique V. Dompè1,2 · C. Bucci2 · L. Canonica2,3 · A. D’Addabbo2 · S. Di Domizio4,5 · G. Fantini1,2 · P. Gorla2 · L. Marini2,6,7 · A. Nucciotti8,9 · I. Nutini8,9 · C. Rusconi2,10 · B. Schmidt7 · B. Welliver7 Received: 10 August 2019 / Accepted: 29 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The 1-ton-scale CUORE detector is made of 988 TeO2 crystals operated as cryogenic bolometers at a working temperature of ∼ 10 mK . In order to provide the necessary cooling power at 4 K stage, a total of five pulse tube (PT) refrigerators are used. The PTs make the cryogenic system reliable and stable, but have the downside that mechanical vibrations at low frequencies (1.4 Hz and related harmonics) are injected into the experimental apparatus. An active noise cancellation technique has been developed in order to reduce such effect by taking advantage from the coherent interference of the pressure oscillations originated by the different PTs. The technique that will be presented consists in controlling the relative phases of the pressure waves running inside the CUORE PT lines, in order to achieve the lowest detector noise. By reducing the power of PT harmonics by a factor up to 104 , it drastically suppresses the overall noise RMS on the CUORE detector. In the following, we demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the technique, showing that the optimization of the detector noise level is possible in different experimental conditions.
* V. Dompè [email protected] 1
Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
2
INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, L’Aquila, Italy
3
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4
INFN – Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
6
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
7
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
8
INFN – Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
9
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
10
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Keywords Pulse tube refrigerators · Cryostat · Noise reduction
1 The CUORE Experiment CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) is a 1-ton-scale experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in 130 Te at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories, in Italy. The CUORE detector consists of an array of 988 TeO2 bolometric crystals arranged in 19 towers, for a total mass of 742 kg and in particular 206 kg of the 130 Te isotope [1]. The bolometers are solid-state detectors that require cryogenic temperatures to detect the thermal variation induced by a particle depositing energy: for this reason, the CUORE bolometers are operated at a base temperature of ∼ 10 mK [2]. The
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