The Death of Argument Fallacies in Agent Based Reasoning
The present work is a fair record of work I've done on the fallacies and related matters in the fifteen years since 1986. The book may be seen as a sequel to Fallacies: Selected papers 1972-1982, which I wrote with Douglas Walton, and which appeared in 19
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APPLIED LOGIC SERIES VOLUME32
Managing Editor Dov M. Gabbay, Department of Computer Science, King's College, London, U.K.
Co-Editor Jon Barwiset
Editorial Assistant Jane Spurr, Department of Computer Science, King's College, London, U.K.
SCOPE OF THE SERIES Logic is applied in an increasingly wide variety of disciplines, from the traditional subjects of philosophy and mathematics to the more recent disciplines of cognitive science, computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, leading to new vigor in this ancient subject. Kluwer, through its Applied Logic Series, seeks to provide a home for outstanding books and research monographs in applied logic, and in doing so demonstrates the underlying unity and applicability of logic.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
The Death of Argument Fallacies in Agent Based Reasoning by
JOHN WOODS The Abductive Systems Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada and Department of Computer Science, King's College, London, England and Department of Philosophy, University of Lethbridge, Canada
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6700-5 ISBN 978-1-4020-2712-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-2712-3
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2004 Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
For their unstinting support, their love and endless good humour, I dedicate this work to Carol Woods Catherine Armstrong Kelly Woods Michael Woods.
Contents
Dedication Preface Acknowledgments Prologue Part I
v xiii XVll XIX
Metatheoretical Questions
1. WHO CARES ABOUT THE FALLACIES?
3
1 2 3 4 5 6
Questions About Fallacies.
3
The Current State of Fallacy Theory.
5
Light At The End Of The Tunnel?
7
7
So What?
Their Importance. Is That All There Is? Critical Thinking
2. THE NECESSITY OF FORMALISM 1 Methodological Pluralism Formal Logic 2 3
Nomic Systematicity
4 5
Technical Information Theory and Practice 5.1 Massey 5.2 McPeck McP**k 5.3 5.4 Scriven
12 15 19 20 25 25 26 30 31 32 33 34 35 35
THE DEATH OF ARGUMENT
Vlll
6
36
7
Pedagogy Conclusion
8
Appendix A
9 10
Appendix B Appendix C
39 39 41
3. THE INFORMAL CORE OF FORMAL LOGIC 1 Artificial Languages The Language of PC 2 The Utility of PC 3 4 The Irreducible Informality Quantum Logic 5
38
43 43 45 48 49 53
6
Further Work for Informal Logic
55
7
Informal Theories of Implication and Consistency
60
Part II
4. AD 1 2 3 4