The Design of Slag and Electroslag Remelting Production Technology of Steel Containing Zirconium
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The Design of Slag and Electroslag Remelting Production Technology of Steel Containing Zirconium Dong Hou1 · Deyong Wang1,3 · Zhouhua Jiang2 · Tianpeng Qu1 · Huihua Wang1 Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 / Published online: 5 September 2020 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2020
Abstract Slag–metal reaction experiments in M oSi2 resistance furnace combined with electroslag remelting (ESR) experiments in ESR furnace are used to study the effect of slag on zirconium distribution in ESR ingot by establishing a new mass transfer model of slag–metal reaction. The mass transfer model consists of Al + Al2O3, Si + SiO2, Zr + ZrO2, and Fe + FeO systems based on the penetration and film theories. Both experimental and simulated results show that the returned slag (CaF2:CaO:Al2O3:MgO:ZrO2 = 57:20:16:3:3) combined with extra 4% Al2O3 added into molten slag in the first slag-temperature-rising period can control the zirconium in ESR ingot ranging from 0.35 to 0.40% and improve the homogeneous distribution of zirconium in ESR ingot. The returned slag of Exp.A containing low silica being used in Exp.C can not only contribute to the recycling of returned slag, but also improve the homogeneous distribution of Zr along the height of ESR ingot.
The contributing editor for this article was Kazuki Morita. * Tianpeng Qu [email protected] * Huihua Wang [email protected] 1
School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Gong‑ye‑yuan District, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
2
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
3
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, 430000, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy (2020) 6:463–477
Graphical Abstract
Keywords Electroslag remelting · Slag design · Slag–metal reaction · Steel containing zirconium · Kinetics Abbreviations JM Mass transfer flux of element M (mol cm−2 s−1) TSlag The slag temperature in ESR furnace (K) DM Diffusion coefficient of M in metal (cm2 s−1) DMO Diffusion coefficient of MOn in slag (cm2 s−1) kMO Mass transfer coefficients of MOn in slag (cm2 s−1) kM Mass transfer coefficient of M in metal (cm2 s−1) Θ kM Comprehensive mass transfer coefficient (cm2 s−1) 𝜏 Reaction time of fluid particle (s) 𝜌m Density of molten steel (g cm−3)
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𝜌s Density of molten slag (g cm−3) w[M] Average mass fraction of element M in metal (wt%) w∗[M] Mass fraction of element M at interface (wt%) wo(MO ) Initial mass fraction of MOn in slag (wt%) n wo[M] Initial mass fraction of element M in metal (wt%) w(MO ) Average mass fraction of MOn in slag (wt%) n w∗(MO ) Mass fraction of MOn at interface (wt%) n Δw[M] Mass fraction difference of M during reaction, (wt%) Δw(MO ) Mass fraction difference of MOn in slag (wt%) n
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy (2020) 6:463–477
MM Molar weight of element M (g mol−1) MMOn Molar weight of component MOn (g mol−1) KM Thermodynamic equilibrium constant ΩM Apparent equili
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