The Different Biomarkers in the Assessment of the Marine Environmental Quality Using the Representative Species Mytilus
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The Different Biomarkers in the Assessment of the Marine Environmental Quality Using the Representative Species Mytilus trossulus Aleksandra Istomina & Andrey Mazur & Viktor Chelomin & Sergey Kukla & Valentina Slobodskova & Aleksandr Zvyagintsev & Lyudmila Kolosova & Avianna Zhukovskaya & Yuliya Fedorets
Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The mussel Mytilus trossulus was used to assess the relationship between the reactions of biomarkers and the degree of environmental pollution, as well as their potential use in biomonitoring. Metal bioaccumulation and a battery of biomarkers were measured in the mussels from the Zolotoy Rog Bay and Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan) that display substantial differences in the levels of pollution. The biomarkers included lysosomal membrane stability (LMS); condition indices (CI and CIL); the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE); and the levels of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), protein oxidation (protein carbonyls, PC), and DNA damage. At the molecular level for M. trossulus, the biomarkers of oxidative stress (CAT, TBARS, and PC) and AChE do not show a known degree of environmental pollution. At the same time, the biomarkers LMS and condition indices, as well as the biomarkers GST and DNA damage, are sensitive to complex chronic environmental pollution.
A. Istomina (*) : A. Mazur : V. Chelomin : S. Kukla : V. Slobodskova : L. Kolosova : A. Zhukovskaya : Y. Fedorets Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (POI FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia e-mail: [email protected] A. Zvyagintsev A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS), Vladivostok, Russia
Keywords Mytilustrossulus . Biomarkers . Zolotoy Rog Bay . Vostok Bay
1 Introduction Currently, the toxic effects of complex pollution on marine hydrobionts have received increasing attention, the assessment of which is performed by determining the state of biomarkers at all levels of organization, from molecular and cellular to organismic level (Petrovic et al. 2004; Viarengo et al. 2007; Guerlet et al. 2010; Benali et al. 2015; Martinez-Gomez et al. 2017; Balbi et al. 2017). The National Research Council (1987) defined biomarkers as “...xenobiotically induced variations in cellular or biochemical components or processes, structures, or functions, measurable in a biological system or samples.” In this study, the term “biomarker” is used as a broader concept and includes physiological changes at the level of the whole organism, in addition to responses at the molecular and cellular levels (Depledge 1993). At the molecular level, the toxic effects of pollutants are often associated with their ability to directly or indirectly increase the ROS (reactive oxygen species) level. When the antioxidant defenses are unab
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