The diffusivity of oxygen in liquid copper by electrochemical measurements
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J/tool. Thus a change of only 4.35 pct in the bond energy (relative to the heat of vaporization of lead of 195,000 J / m o l 5) can account for the experimental behavior. Behavior of many other dilute solutions can also be satisfactorily explained if a change of only about 2 to 8 pet in the bond energy of the solute is envisaged. 2 1. S. Kravitz and J. S. LI.. Leach: ActaMet., 1966, vol. 14, pp. 1485.88. 2. A. K. Jena: in Recent Developments in Metallurgical Science and Technology-. Process Metallurgy, p. 59, Indian Institute of Metals, Calcutta, 1972. 3. B. K. Gupta and A. K. Jena: Trans. Indian h~st. Metals., 1973, vat. 26, no. 4,
The Diffusivity of Oxygen in Liquid Copper by Electrochemical Measurements
pp. 44-49. 4. A. K. Jena and J. S. LI. Leach: A cta Met., 1966, vol. 14, pp. 1595-1605. 5. R. Hultgren, R. L. Orr, P. I). Anderson, and K. K. Kelley: Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1963. 6. E. A. Guggertheim: Mixtures. Oxford University Press, 1952. 7. A. K. Jena, Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 1260-61. 8. O. J. Kleppa, J. Phys. Chem., 1955, vol. 59, pp. 175-81. 9. P. C. Sharrah, J. I. Petz, and R. P. Kruh: J. Chem. Phys., 1960, vol. 32, pp. 241-46. 10. K. Furukawa, B. R. Orton, J. Hamor, and G. I. Williams:Phil. Mag., 1963, vol. 8, no. 85, pp. 141-55. 11. R. Kaplow, S. L. Strong, and B. L. Averbach: Phys. Rev., 1965, vol. 138, pp. A 1336-45.
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SHINYA OTSUKA AND ZENSAKUKOZUKA Two different electrochemical principles have been applied to the measurements of the oxygen diffusivity in liquid copper. Rickert and El Miligy, i Osterwald and Schwarzlose2 and Oberg et al 3 applied the potentiostatic and the galvanostatic methods. EI-Naggar and Parlee 4 and Kramss et al 5 applied the emf method to the measurement of the oxygen potential in the inert gas above liquid copper and in the liquid copper, r e spectively. However, obvious difference was observed in those diffusivity results by the two different principles. Recently, we determined the oxygen diffusivity in liquid lead by the new experimental method in which the both principles were applied as shown in the previous work. 6 In this work, a similar experimental method was applied to the liquid copper. From the principle of experiment, that method was considered to rather belong to the emf method. The arrangement of the following electrochemical cell was shown in Fig. 1.
SHINYA OTSUKA and ZENSAKU KOZUKA are Research Associate and Professor, respectively, Department of Metallurgy, Faculty o f Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Manuscript
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