The Digital System Landscape
The globally branched network has created a digital system landscape consisting of three separate aspects: Intelligence comes into all objects of this world. The physical and digital worlds are closely and comprehensively interlinked. However, this only w
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Gamechanger AI How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming our World
Gamechanger AI
Klaus Henning
Gamechanger AI How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming our World
Klaus Henning Aachen, Germany
The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content. ISBN 978-3-030-52896-6 ISBN 978-3-030-52897-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52897-3 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
During my studies 50 years ago, I had already learned something about neural networks. At that time, it was a very exciting discovery for me to be able to reproduce the basic functions of a nerve cell of a living being using a computer program. Such a neural network is shown in simplified form in Fig. 1. It contains many parallel inputs, all of which act on a first hidden layer. This layer consists of nodes and each node receives information from all the available inputs.
Fig. 1 Representation of the structure of a neural network (https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Artificial_neural_network, accessed in April 2020)
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Each node processes and weighs this information, passing it on to every node in the following layer. In the end, you end up at an output layer. This output layer is now ready to be used as an additional input layer. Through these feedback loops, the neuronal network learns from its own results. These networks of nodes were mirrored by the structures of the nerve cells I had learned about as a student. Each individual nod
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