The Dilemma of Difference A Multidisciplinary View of Stigma

The topic of stigma came to the attention of modern-day behav­ ioral science in 1963 through Erving Goffman's book with the engaging title, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Following its publication, scholars in such fields as an­ thro

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PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY A Series of Texis mIll MmlOgmphs • Edited by Elliot Aronson

THE BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD: A Fundamental Delusion Melvin J. Lerner THE DILEMMA OF DIFFERENCE: A Multidisciplinary View of Stigma Edited by Stephen C. Ainlay, Gaylene Becker, and Lerita M. Coleman HUMAN AGGRESSION Robert A. Baron INTRINSIC MOTIVATION Edward L. Deci INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND SELF·DETERMINA TION IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Richard Heslin and Miles Patterson THE PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS PHENOMENA Gordon L. Patzer REDEFINING SOCIAL PROBLEMS Edited by Edward Seidman and Julian Rappaport SCHOOL DESEGREGATION Harold B. Gerard and Norman Miller SCHOOL DESEGREGATION: Past, Present, and Future Edited by Walter G. Stephan and Joe R. Feagin UNIQUENESS: The Human Pursuit of Difference C. R. Snyder and Howard L. Fromkin

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

The Dilemma of Difference A Multidisciplinary View of Stigma

Edited by

Stephen C. Ainlay Holy Cross College Worcester, Massachusetts

Gay lene Becker University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California

and

Lerita M. Coleman University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan

PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The dilemma of difference. (Perspectives in social psychology) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Stigma (Social psychology). 2. Social learning. 3. Social interaction. I. Ainlay, Stephen C. 1951II. Becker, Gaylene. III. Coleman, Lerita M. IV. Series. HM29l.D497 1986 302 86-15086 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7570-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7568-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7568-5

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

To the participants of the Summer Institute on Stigma and Interpersonal Relations from whence this dream arose and for whom it now becomes a reality.

Contributors

STEPHEN C. AINLAY. Department of Sociology. Holy Cross College. Worcester. Massachusetts REGINA ARNOLD. Department of Sociology. Sarah Lawrence College. Bronxville. New York OSCARA. BARBARIN. Department of Psychology. University ofMichigan. Ann Arbor. Michigan GAYLENE BECKER. Institute for Health and Aging. School of Nursing. University of California. San Francisco. San Francisco. California LERITA M. COLEMAN. Department of Psychology. University of Michigan. Ann Arbor. Michigan JENNIFER CROCKER. Department of Psychology. State University of New York. Buffalo. New York FAY