The directional solidification of Pb-Sn-Cd alloys
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EXTENSIVE
e x p e r i m e n t a l and t h e o r e t i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s in the s u b j e c t a r e a of s o l i d i f i c a t i o n a r e now a s s o c i a t e d with the c o n t i n u a l l y g r o w i n g i n t e r e s t in c o m p o s i t e s a l l o y d e v e l o p m e n t . At t h i s t i m e , h o w e v e r , a b a s i c u n d e r s t a n d i n g of the s o l i d i f i c a t i o n p r o c e s s f o r t h r e e - p h a s e coupled growth h a s not b e e n d e v e l o p e d . The p r i m a r y o b j e c t i v e of t h i s s t u d y is to d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t s t e a d y - s t a t e , t h r e e - p h a s e , coupled growth in a t e r n a r y e u t e c t i c s y s t e m is f e a s i b l e o v e r a r a n g e of s o l i d i f i c a t i o n p a r a m e t e r s . The s e c o n d a r y o b j e c t i v e is to p r e s e n t a r e a s o n a b l e amount of e x p e r i m e n t a l i n f o r m a t i o n that would 1) give a b a s i s f o r w o r k a b l e g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s on p o l y p h a s e s o l i d i f i c a t i o n and 2) give a c c u r a t e and c l e a r e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a f o r t h e o r e t i c a l work. This end was sought through an e x p e r i m e n t a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the I~o-Sn-Cd t e r n a r y e u t e c t i c s y s t e m . A b r i e f look was t a k e n at the t h r e e b i n a r y e u t e c t i c s y s t e m s with e m p h a s i s on the I~o-Sn s y s t e m , followed b y an e x t e n s i v e t e r n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n . C u r r e n t t h e o r e t i c a l a n a l y s e s w e r e a p p l i e d to the e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s in o r d e r to s u b s t a n t i a t e c e r t a i n g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s and s e e k out a p p a r e n t l i m i t a t i o n s in t h e s e t h e o r i e s .
but m e a s u r a b l e t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t in a s m a l l s i l i c a tube c o n t a i n i n g the a l l o y s a m p l e . The s a m p l e was l o c a t e d a l o n g the c e n t e r line of the f u r n a c e and was moved do~ t h r o u g h the t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t b y m e a n s of a s l i d i n g f r a m e - m o t o r - g e a r - r e d u c t i o n a s s e m b l y . The f u r n a c e is shown s c h e m a t i c a l l y in F i g . 1 and c o n s i s t s of:
A P P A R A T U S AND E X P E R I M E N T A L PROCEDURE A m o d e r a t e l y high t e m p e r a t u r e , w a t e r - c o o l e d , v e r t i c a l f u r n a c e was c o n s t r u c t e d that would p r o d u c e a high JOHN D. HOLDER is associated with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830. BEN F. OLIVER is Professor in Charge of Metallurgical Engineering at The University of Tennessee. This manuscript is based upon Mr. JOHN D. HOLDER'S Master of Science Thesis in Metallurgical Engineering at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee. The Authors wish to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation which made this study possible. Manuscript submitted November 2, 1973. METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIO
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