The Discovery of Isotopes A Complete Compilation
This book describes the exciting discovery of every isotope observed on earth to date, which currently numbers some 3000. For each isotope a short essay highlights the authors of the first publication for the isotope, the laboratory and year where and whe
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The Discovery of Isotopes A Complete Compilation
The Discovery of Isotopes
Michael Thoennessen
The Discovery of Isotopes A Complete Compilation
123
Michael Thoennessen Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing, MI USA
ISBN 978-3-319-31761-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31763-2
ISBN 978-3-319-31763-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935977 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
To my wonderful wife Ute
Preface
The idea to document the discovery of all isotopes was not an ad hoc decision, but it developed over several years. In 2003, I was asked to write a review article about the drip-lines which was published a year later (Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 (2004) 1187). The article contained tables of the most neutron- and proton-rich known nuclides at the drip-lines covering elements from magnesium through berkelium and from beryllium through calcium for the proton- and neutron-rich nuclides, respectively. In the fall semester of 2007, I gave Josh Ginepro—an undergraduate student in the Professorial Assistantship Program of the Honors College (PAPHC) at Michigan State University—the task to search the Nuclear Science References (NSR) data base of the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) for the earliest experimental papers for all isotopes. In the following summer four undergraduate students from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program and one student from the MSU High School Honors Science Program each selected one element and wrote short paragraphs describing the discovery of its isotopes. Only then did we realize the momentous task of covering all of the almost 3000 isotopes of the 118 elements. For each element these paragraphs were subsequently published in a series of papers in Atomic Data and Nucl
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