The Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Coastal Beaches and Mangrove Wetlands
Microplastics found in coastal environments can be transported to and accumulate in different coastal environmental media by diverse driving factors and pathways. Increasing numbers of studies indicate that microplastics accumulate in coastal areas with h
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Coastal Beaches 2.1 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Tourist Beaches 2.2 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Beaches Adjacent to Mariculture Areas 2.3 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Beaches Near Fishing Ports 2.4 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Undeveloped Beaches 3 Distribution and Characteristics of Microplastics in Coastal Mangrove Wetlands 3.1 Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics 3.2 Shapes, Sizes, and Abundances of Microplastics 3.3 Contribution of Human Activities and Mangrove Vegetation to Microplastic Accumulation 4 Sources of Microplastics in the Coastal Environment 4.1 Inland-Source Input 4.2 Offshore Marine-Source Input 4.3 Sources from the Coastal Atmosphere 5 Conclusions References
Abstract Microplastics found in coastal environments can be transported to and accumulate in different coastal environmental media by diverse driving factors and pathways. Increasing numbers of studies indicate that microplastics accumulate in
Q. Zhou and H. Zhang Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China J. J. Waniek Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany Y. Luo (*) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China e-mail: [email protected] Defu He and Yongming Luo (eds.), Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments - Emerging Contaminants and Major Challenges, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_459, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Q. Zhou et al.
coastal areas with highly intensive human activities. However, there are few discussions on the occurrence of microplastics in coastal sediments and coastal wetlands according to different land utilization patterns. In this chapter we investigate the distribution of shape, size, and abundance of microplastics in northern coastal beach sediments. We found that pellets, foams, fragments, flakes, films, fibers, and sponges occurred in beach sediments with different land utilization patterns. The abundances of microplastics were 344 particles kg1 in tourist beaches, 1,226 particles kg1 in beaches adjacent to mariculture areas, 98 particles kg1 in beaches near fishing ports, and 1,302 particles kg1 in undeveloped beaches. Foams were dominant in tourist beaches and beaches near fishing ports, while flakes dominated in beaches adjacent to mariculture areas and in undeveloped beaches. The differences are likely due to different anthropogenic influences in coastal zones. We then illustrate the characteristics and spatial distribution of microplastics in different mangrove sediments covering the main mangrove forest growing areas of south China. The abundance of microplastics was 1,302 particles kg1, and foams and fibers were the dominant shapes in mangrove sediments. The differences in distribution of microplastics in mangrove sediments are related to a
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