The Dynamics of Heat A Unified Approach to Thermodynamics and Heat T

Based on courses for students of science, engineering, and systems science at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences at Winterthur, this text approaches the fundamentals of thermodynamics from the point of view of continuum physics. By describing physi

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GRADUATE TEXTS IN PHYSICS Graduate Texts in Physics publishes core learning/teaching material for graduate- and advanced-level undergraduate courses on topics of current and emerging fields within physics, both pure and applied. These textbooks serve students at the MS- or PhD-level and their instructors as comprehensive sources of principles, definitions, derivations, experiments and applications (as relevant) for their mastery and teaching, respectively. International in scope and relevance, the textbooks correspond to course syllabi sufficiently to serve as required reading. Their didactic style, comprehensiveness and coverage of fundamental material also make them suitable as introductions or references for scientists entering, or requiring timely knowledge of, a research field.

Series Editors Professor Richard Needs Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail: [email protected] Professor William T. Rhodes Florida Atlantic University Imaging Technology Center Department of Electrical Engineering 777 Glades Road SE, Room 456 Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA E-mail: [email protected] Professor H. Eugene Stanley Boston University Center for Polymer Studies Department of Physics 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 204B Boston, MA 02215, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Hans U. Fuchs

The Dynamics of Heat A Unified Approach to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

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Hans U. Fuchs Zurich University of Applied Sciences at Winterthur Technikumstrasse 9 8401 Winterthur Switzerland [email protected]

ISSN 1868-4513 e-ISSN 1868-4521 ISBN 978-1-4419-7603-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7604-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7604-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010  All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

TO ROBIN AND KRISTIN

Preface to the Second Edition The publication of this Second Edition of The Dynamics of Heat has given me the opportunity to make some major and, I hope, useful changes to the book. The character of the conceptualization of thermal processes—the direct approach to entropy as what in lay terms would be called “heat” and temperature as the corresponding potential— has been retained and much has been taken directly from the First Edition, but I have completely changed the structure of this tex